Rebuild whole Repo

.env

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+DEBUG=True
+SECRET_KEY=dev-secret-key
+
+# Initial User
+DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME=admin
+DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL=admin@example.com
+DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD=changeme
+
+# OIDC
+SSO_ENABLED=False
+OIDC_RP_CLIENT_ID=django-app
+OIDC_RP_CLIENT_SECRET=changeme
+OIDC_OP_DISCOVERY_ENDPOINT=https://auth.example.com/.well-known/openid-configuration
+
+# Database settings
+# SQLite (default)
+DB_ENGINE=sqlite
+
+# PostgreSQL
+# DB_ENGINE=postgres
+# DB_NAME=mydatabase
+# DB_USER=myuser
+# DB_PASSWORD=secret
+# DB_HOST=localhost
+# DB_PORT=5432
+
+# MySQL
+# DB_ENGINE=mysql
+# DB_NAME=mydatabase
+# DB_USER=myuser
+# DB_PASSWORD=secret
+# DB_HOST=localhost
+# DB_PORT=3306

.env-postgres-example

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Django core
+DEBUG=True
+SECRET_KEY=dev-secret-key
+DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=config.settings
+
+# Superuser (optional)
+DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME=admin
+DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL=admin@example.com
+DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD=changeme
+
+# OIDC / SSO
+SSO_ENABLED=False
+OIDC_RP_CLIENT_ID=django-app
+OIDC_RP_CLIENT_SECRET=changeme
+OIDC_OP_DISCOVERY_ENDPOINT=https://auth.example.com/.well-known/openid-configuration
+
+# Database settings
+DB_ENGINE=postgres
+DB_NAME=certistack
+DB_USER=postgresql
+DB_PASSWORD=changeme
+DB_PORT=5432

.env-sqlite-example

@@ -16,8 +16,4 @@ OIDC_OP_DISCOVERY_ENDPOINT=https://auth.example.com/.well-known/openid-configura
 
 # Database settings (Default: SQLite)
 DB_ENGINE=sqlite
-DB_NAME=db.sqlite3
-DB_USER=
-DB_PASSWORD=
-DB_HOST=
-DB_PORT=
+DB_NAME=sqlite.db

.venv/bin/Activate.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
+
+.Description
+Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
+$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
+in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
+well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
+
+.Parameter VenvDir
+Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
+default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
+script is located within.
+
+.Parameter Prompt
+The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
+default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
+surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Verbose
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
+Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
+parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
+
+.Notes
+On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
+execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
+command:
+
+PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+
+For more information on Execution Policies: 
+https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
+
+#>
+Param(
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $VenvDir,
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $Prompt
+)
+
+<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
+addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
+the PATH variable.
+
+.Parameter NonDestructive
+If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
+session.
+
+#>
+function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
+    # Revert to original values
+
+    # The prior prompt:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
+        Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # The prior PYTHONHOME:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    }
+
+    # The prior PATH:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
+    }
+
+    # Just remove VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT altogether.
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
+    if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+        Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
+    }
+
+    # Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
+    if (-not $NonDestructive) {
+        Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
+    }
+}
+
+<#
+.Description
+Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
+given folder, and returns them in a map.
+
+For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
+two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
+then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
+the right hand is the value.
+
+If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
+stripped from the value before being captured.
+
+.Parameter ConfigDir
+Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
+#>
+function Get-PyVenvConfig(
+    [String]
+    $ConfigDir
+) {
+    Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
+
+    # Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
+    $pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
+
+    # An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
+    $pyvenvConfig = @{ }
+
+    if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
+
+        Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
+        $pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
+
+        $pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
+            $keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
+            if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
+                $val = $keyval[1]
+
+                # Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
+                if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
+                    $val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
+                }
+
+                $pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
+                Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $pyvenvConfig
+}
+
+
+<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+# Determine the containing directory of this script
+$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
+$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
+
+Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
+
+# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
+# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
+# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
+if ($VenvDir) {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
+    $VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
+}
+
+# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
+# as `prompt`.
+$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
+
+# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
+# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
+if ($Prompt) {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
+    if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
+        $Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
+    }
+    else {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virtual environment)"
+        Write-Verbose "  Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
+        $Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
+
+# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
+# deactivate function in place.
+deactivate -nondestructive
+
+# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
+# that there is an activated venv.
+$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
+
+if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
+
+    Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
+
+    # Set the prompt to include the env name
+    # Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
+    function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
+    Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
+
+    function global:prompt {
+        Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
+        _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+    $env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT = $Prompt
+}
+
+# Clear PYTHONHOME
+if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
+    Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
+}
+
+# Add the venv to the PATH
+Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"

.venv/bin/activate

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
+# you cannot run it directly
+
+deactivate () {
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
+        PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
+        export PATH
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    fi
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+        PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
+        export PYTHONHOME
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    fi
+
+    # This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
+    # be called to get it to forget past commands.  Without forgetting
+    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
+        hash -r 2> /dev/null
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
+        PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
+        export PS1
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
+    fi
+
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
+    # Self destruct!
+        unset -f deactivate
+    fi
+}
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv
+export VIRTUAL_ENV
+
+_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin":$PATH"
+export PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
+# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
+if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
+    unset PYTHONHOME
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
+    PS1='(.venv) '"${PS1:-}"
+    export PS1
+    VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT='(.venv) '
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+fi
+
+# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
+# be called to get it to forget past commands.  Without forgetting
+# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
+    hash -r 2> /dev/null
+fi

.venv/bin/activate.csh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
+# You cannot run it directly.
+# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
+# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
+
+alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV /home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin":$PATH"
+
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
+
+if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
+    set prompt = '(.venv) '"$prompt"
+    setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT '(.venv) '
+endif
+
+alias pydoc python -m pydoc
+
+rehash

.venv/bin/activate.fish

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
+# (https://fishshell.com/); you cannot run it directly.
+
+function deactivate  -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
+        set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    end
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
+        set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    end
+
+    if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
+        set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
+        # prevents error when using nested fish instances (Issue #93858)
+        if functions -q _old_fish_prompt
+            functions -e fish_prompt
+            functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
+            functions -e _old_fish_prompt
+        end
+    end
+
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
+        # Self-destruct!
+        functions -e deactivate
+    end
+end
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV /home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv
+
+set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin $PATH
+
+# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
+if set -q PYTHONHOME
+    set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
+    set -e PYTHONHOME
+end
+
+if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
+    # fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
+
+    # Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
+    functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
+
+    # With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
+    function fish_prompt
+        # Save the return status of the last command.
+        set -l old_status $status
+
+        # Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
+        printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) '(.venv) ' (set_color normal)
+
+        # Restore the return status of the previous command.
+        echo "exit $old_status" | .
+        # Output the original/"old" prompt.
+        _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT '(.venv) '
+end

.venv/bin/django-admin

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())

.venv/bin/jws

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from josepy.jws import CLI
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(CLI.run())

.venv/bin/normalizer

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from charset_normalizer.cli import cli_detect
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(cli_detect())

.venv/bin/pip

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

.venv/bin/pip3

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

.venv/bin/pip3.11

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

.venv/bin/python

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3

.venv/bin/python3

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/usr/bin/python3

.venv/bin/python3.11

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3

.venv/bin/sqlformat

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/heyeradmin/repositories/ISO-27001-Risk-Management/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from sqlparse.__main__ import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_distutils_hack/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# don't import any costly modules
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+is_pypy = '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names
+
+
+def warn_distutils_present():
+    if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
+        return
+    if is_pypy and sys.version_info < (3, 7):
+        # PyPy for 3.6 unconditionally imports distutils, so bypass the warning
+        # https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/blob/be829135bc0d758997b3566062999ee8b23872b4/lib-python/3/site.py#L250
+        return
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Distutils was imported before Setuptools, but importing Setuptools "
+        "also replaces the `distutils` module in `sys.modules`. This may lead "
+        "to undesirable behaviors or errors. To avoid these issues, avoid "
+        "using distutils directly, ensure that setuptools is installed in the "
+        "traditional way (e.g. not an editable install), and/or make sure "
+        "that setuptools is always imported before distutils."
+    )
+
+
+def clear_distutils():
+    if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
+        return
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn("Setuptools is replacing distutils.")
+    mods = [
+        name
+        for name in sys.modules
+        if name == "distutils" or name.startswith("distutils.")
+    ]
+    for name in mods:
+        del sys.modules[name]
+
+
+def enabled():
+    """
+    Allow selection of distutils by environment variable.
+    """
+    which = os.environ.get('SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS', 'local')
+    return which == 'local'
+
+
+def ensure_local_distutils():
+    import importlib
+
+    clear_distutils()
+
+    # With the DistutilsMetaFinder in place,
+    # perform an import to cause distutils to be
+    # loaded from setuptools._distutils. Ref #2906.
+    with shim():
+        importlib.import_module('distutils')
+
+    # check that submodules load as expected
+    core = importlib.import_module('distutils.core')
+    assert '_distutils' in core.__file__, core.__file__
+    assert 'setuptools._distutils.log' not in sys.modules
+
+
+def do_override():
+    """
+    Ensure that the local copy of distutils is preferred over stdlib.
+
+    See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/417#issuecomment-392298401
+    for more motivation.
+    """
+    if enabled():
+        warn_distutils_present()
+        ensure_local_distutils()
+
+
+class _TrivialRe:
+    def __init__(self, *patterns):
+        self._patterns = patterns
+
+    def match(self, string):
+        return all(pat in string for pat in self._patterns)
+
+
+class DistutilsMetaFinder:
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        # optimization: only consider top level modules and those
+        # found in the CPython test suite.
+        if path is not None and not fullname.startswith('test.'):
+            return
+
+        method_name = 'spec_for_{fullname}'.format(**locals())
+        method = getattr(self, method_name, lambda: None)
+        return method()
+
+    def spec_for_distutils(self):
+        if self.is_cpython():
+            return
+
+        import importlib
+        import importlib.abc
+        import importlib.util
+
+        try:
+            mod = importlib.import_module('setuptools._distutils')
+        except Exception:
+            # There are a couple of cases where setuptools._distutils
+            # may not be present:
+            # - An older Setuptools without a local distutils is
+            #   taking precedence. Ref #2957.
+            # - Path manipulation during sitecustomize removes
+            #   setuptools from the path but only after the hook
+            #   has been loaded. Ref #2980.
+            # In either case, fall back to stdlib behavior.
+            return
+
+        class DistutilsLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
+            def create_module(self, spec):
+                mod.__name__ = 'distutils'
+                return mod
+
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                pass
+
+        return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(
+            'distutils', DistutilsLoader(), origin=mod.__file__
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_cpython():
+        """
+        Suppress supplying distutils for CPython (build and tests).
+        Ref #2965 and #3007.
+        """
+        return os.path.isfile('pybuilddir.txt')
+
+    def spec_for_pip(self):
+        """
+        Ensure stdlib distutils when running under pip.
+        See pypa/pip#8761 for rationale.
+        """
+        if self.pip_imported_during_build():
+            return
+        clear_distutils()
+        self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def pip_imported_during_build(cls):
+        """
+        Detect if pip is being imported in a build script. Ref #2355.
+        """
+        import traceback
+
+        return any(
+            cls.frame_file_is_setup(frame) for frame, line in traceback.walk_stack(None)
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def frame_file_is_setup(frame):
+        """
+        Return True if the indicated frame suggests a setup.py file.
+        """
+        # some frames may not have __file__ (#2940)
+        return frame.f_globals.get('__file__', '').endswith('setup.py')
+
+    def spec_for_sensitive_tests(self):
+        """
+        Ensure stdlib distutils when running select tests under CPython.
+
+        python/cpython#91169
+        """
+        clear_distutils()
+        self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
+
+    sensitive_tests = (
+        [
+            'test.test_distutils',
+            'test.test_peg_generator',
+            'test.test_importlib',
+        ]
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 10)
+        else [
+            'test.test_distutils',
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+for name in DistutilsMetaFinder.sensitive_tests:
+    setattr(
+        DistutilsMetaFinder,
+        f'spec_for_{name}',
+        DistutilsMetaFinder.spec_for_sensitive_tests,
+    )
+
+
+DISTUTILS_FINDER = DistutilsMetaFinder()
+
+
+def add_shim():
+    DISTUTILS_FINDER in sys.meta_path or insert_shim()
+
+
+class shim:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        insert_shim()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb):
+        remove_shim()
+
+
+def insert_shim():
+    sys.meta_path.insert(0, DISTUTILS_FINDER)
+
+
+def remove_shim():
+    try:
+        sys.meta_path.remove(DISTUTILS_FINDER)
+    except ValueError:
+        pass

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_distutils_hack/override.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__import__('_distutils_hack').do_override()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: asgiref
+Version: 3.9.1
+Summary: ASGI specs, helper code, and adapters
+Home-page: https://github.com/django/asgiref/
+Author: Django Software Foundation
+Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://asgi.readthedocs.io/
+Project-URL: Further Documentation, https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/async/#async-adapter-functions
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/django/asgiref/blob/master/CHANGELOG.txt
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: typing_extensions>=4; python_version < "3.11"
+Provides-Extra: tests
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-asyncio; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: mypy>=1.14.0; extra == "tests"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+asgiref
+=======
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/django/asgiref/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg
+    :target: https://github.com/django/asgiref/actions/workflows/tests.yml
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/asgiref.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/asgiref
+
+ASGI is a standard for Python asynchronous web apps and servers to communicate
+with each other, and positioned as an asynchronous successor to WSGI. You can
+read more at https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+This package includes ASGI base libraries, such as:
+
+* Sync-to-async and async-to-sync function wrappers, ``asgiref.sync``
+* Server base classes, ``asgiref.server``
+* A WSGI-to-ASGI adapter, in ``asgiref.wsgi``
+
+
+Function wrappers
+-----------------
+
+These allow you to wrap or decorate async or sync functions to call them from
+the other style (so you can call async functions from a synchronous thread,
+or vice-versa).
+
+In particular:
+
+* AsyncToSync lets a synchronous subthread stop and wait while the async
+  function is called on the main thread's event loop, and then control is
+  returned to the thread when the async function is finished.
+
+* SyncToAsync lets async code call a synchronous function, which is run in
+  a threadpool and control returned to the async coroutine when the synchronous
+  function completes.
+
+The idea is to make it easier to call synchronous APIs from async code and
+asynchronous APIs from synchronous code so it's easier to transition code from
+one style to the other. In the case of Channels, we wrap the (synchronous)
+Django view system with SyncToAsync to allow it to run inside the (asynchronous)
+ASGI server.
+
+Note that exactly what threads things run in is very specific, and aimed to
+keep maximum compatibility with old synchronous code. See
+"Synchronous code & Threads" below for a full explanation. By default,
+``sync_to_async`` will run all synchronous code in the program in the same
+thread for safety reasons; you can disable this for more performance with
+``@sync_to_async(thread_sensitive=False)``, but make sure that your code does
+not rely on anything bound to threads (like database connections) when you do.
+
+
+Threadlocal replacement
+-----------------------
+
+This is a drop-in replacement for ``threading.local`` that works with both
+threads and asyncio Tasks. Even better, it will proxy values through from a
+task-local context to a thread-local context when you use ``sync_to_async``
+to run things in a threadpool, and vice-versa for ``async_to_sync``.
+
+If you instead want true thread- and task-safety, you can set
+``thread_critical`` on the Local object to ensure this instead.
+
+
+Server base classes
+-------------------
+
+Includes a ``StatelessServer`` class which provides all the hard work of
+writing a stateless server (as in, does not handle direct incoming sockets
+but instead consumes external streams or sockets to work out what is happening).
+
+An example of such a server would be a chatbot server that connects out to
+a central chat server and provides a "connection scope" per user chatting to
+it. There's only one actual connection, but the server has to separate things
+into several scopes for easier writing of the code.
+
+You can see an example of this being used in `frequensgi <https://github.com/andrewgodwin/frequensgi>`_.
+
+
+WSGI-to-ASGI adapter
+--------------------
+
+Allows you to wrap a WSGI application so it appears as a valid ASGI application.
+
+Simply wrap it around your WSGI application like so::
+
+    asgi_application = WsgiToAsgi(wsgi_application)
+
+The WSGI application will be run in a synchronous threadpool, and the wrapped
+ASGI application will be one that accepts ``http`` class messages.
+
+Please note that not all extended features of WSGI may be supported (such as
+file handles for incoming POST bodies).
+
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+
+``asgiref`` requires Python 3.9 or higher.
+
+
+Contributing
+------------
+
+Please refer to the
+`main Channels contributing docs <https://github.com/django/channels/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.rst>`_.
+
+
+Testing
+'''''''
+
+To run tests, make sure you have installed the ``tests`` extra with the package::
+
+    cd asgiref/
+    pip install -e .[tests]
+    pytest
+
+
+Building the documentation
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+The documentation uses `Sphinx <http://www.sphinx-doc.org>`_::
+
+    cd asgiref/docs/
+    pip install sphinx
+
+To build the docs, you can use the default tools::
+
+    sphinx-build -b html . _build/html  # or `make html`, if you've got make set up
+    cd _build/html
+    python -m http.server
+
+...or you can use ``sphinx-autobuild`` to run a server and rebuild/reload
+your documentation changes automatically::
+
+    pip install sphinx-autobuild
+    sphinx-autobuild . _build/html
+
+
+Releasing
+'''''''''
+
+To release, first add details to CHANGELOG.txt and update the version number in ``asgiref/__init__.py``.
+
+Then, build and push the packages::
+
+    python -m build
+    twine upload dist/*
+    rm -r asgiref.egg-info dist
+
+
+Implementation Details
+----------------------
+
+Synchronous code & threads
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+The ``asgiref.sync`` module provides two wrappers that let you go between
+asynchronous and synchronous code at will, while taking care of the rough edges
+for you.
+
+Unfortunately, the rough edges are numerous, and the code has to work especially
+hard to keep things in the same thread as much as possible. Notably, the
+restrictions we are working with are:
+
+* All synchronous code called through ``SyncToAsync`` and marked with
+  ``thread_sensitive`` should run in the same thread as each other (and if the
+  outer layer of the program is synchronous, the main thread)
+
+* If a thread already has a running async loop, ``AsyncToSync`` can't run things
+  on that loop if it's blocked on synchronous code that is above you in the
+  call stack.
+
+The first compromise you get to might be that ``thread_sensitive`` code should
+just run in the same thread and not spawn in a sub-thread, fulfilling the first
+restriction, but that immediately runs you into the second restriction.
+
+The only real solution is to essentially have a variant of ThreadPoolExecutor
+that executes any ``thread_sensitive`` code on the outermost synchronous
+thread - either the main thread, or a single spawned subthread.
+
+This means you now have two basic states:
+
+* If the outermost layer of your program is synchronous, then all async code
+  run through ``AsyncToSync`` will run in a per-call event loop in arbitrary
+  sub-threads, while all ``thread_sensitive`` code will run in the main thread.
+
+* If the outermost layer of your program is asynchronous, then all async code
+  runs on the main thread's event loop, and all ``thread_sensitive`` synchronous
+  code will run in a single shared sub-thread.
+
+Crucially, this means that in both cases there is a thread which is a shared
+resource that all ``thread_sensitive`` code must run on, and there is a chance
+that this thread is currently blocked on its own ``AsyncToSync`` call. Thus,
+``AsyncToSync`` needs to act as an executor for thread code while it's blocking.
+
+The ``CurrentThreadExecutor`` class provides this functionality; rather than
+simply waiting on a Future, you can call its ``run_until_future`` method and
+it will run submitted code until that Future is done. This means that code
+inside the call can then run code on your thread.
+
+
+Maintenance and Security
+------------------------
+
+To report security issues, please contact security@djangoproject.com. For GPG
+signatures and more security process information, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/security/.
+
+To report bugs or request new features, please open a new GitHub issue.
+
+This repository is part of the Channels project. For the shepherd and maintenance team, please see the
+`main Channels readme <https://github.com/django/channels/blob/master/README.rst>`_.

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/RECORD

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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+asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=_zCd3N1l69ArxyTb8rzEoP9TpbYXkqRFSNOD5OuxnTs,91
+asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=uEZBXRtRTpwd_xSiLeuQbXlLxUbKYSn5UKGM0JHipmk,1552
+asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=bokQjCzwwERhdBiPdvYEZa4cHxT4NCeAffQNUqJ8ssg,8
+asgiref/__init__.py,sha256=97OdSef30we1CjsM0qA6wEMk67472iE4_gOoam4odOg,22
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+asgiref/__pycache__/current_thread_executor.cpython-311.pyc,,
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+asgiref/__pycache__/server.cpython-311.pyc,,
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.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/WHEEL

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
+       to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+       specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref-3.9.1.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+asgiref

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "3.9.1"

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/compatibility.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import inspect
+
+from .sync import iscoroutinefunction
+
+
+def is_double_callable(application):
+    """
+    Tests to see if an application is a legacy-style (double-callable) application.
+    """
+    # Look for a hint on the object first
+    if getattr(application, "_asgi_single_callable", False):
+        return False
+    if getattr(application, "_asgi_double_callable", False):
+        return True
+    # Uninstanted classes are double-callable
+    if inspect.isclass(application):
+        return True
+    # Instanted classes depend on their __call__
+    if hasattr(application, "__call__"):
+        # We only check to see if its __call__ is a coroutine function -
+        # if it's not, it still might be a coroutine function itself.
+        if iscoroutinefunction(application.__call__):
+            return False
+    # Non-classes we just check directly
+    return not iscoroutinefunction(application)
+
+
+def double_to_single_callable(application):
+    """
+    Transforms a double-callable ASGI application into a single-callable one.
+    """
+
+    async def new_application(scope, receive, send):
+        instance = application(scope)
+        return await instance(receive, send)
+
+    return new_application
+
+
+def guarantee_single_callable(application):
+    """
+    Takes either a single- or double-callable application and always returns it
+    in single-callable style. Use this to add backwards compatibility for ASGI
+    2.0 applications to your server/test harness/etc.
+    """
+    if is_double_callable(application):
+        application = double_to_single_callable(application)
+    return application

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/current_thread_executor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections import deque
+from concurrent.futures import Executor, Future
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+_R = TypeVar("_R")
+
+
+class _WorkItem:
+    """
+    Represents an item needing to be run in the executor.
+    Copied from ThreadPoolExecutor (but it's private, so we're not going to rely on importing it)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        future: "Future[_R]",
+        fn: Callable[_P, _R],
+        *args: _P.args,
+        **kwargs: _P.kwargs,
+    ):
+        self.future = future
+        self.fn = fn
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa: F841
+        if not self.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
+            return
+        try:
+            result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self.future.set_exception(exc)
+            # Break a reference cycle with the exception 'exc'
+            self = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        else:
+            self.future.set_result(result)
+
+
+class CurrentThreadExecutor(Executor):
+    """
+    An Executor that actually runs code in the thread it is instantiated in.
+    Passed to other threads running async code, so they can run sync code in
+    the thread they came from.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, old_executor: "CurrentThreadExecutor | None") -> None:
+        self._work_thread = threading.current_thread()
+        self._work_ready = threading.Condition(threading.Lock())
+        self._work_items = deque[_WorkItem]()  # synchronized by _work_ready
+        self._broken = False  # synchronized by _work_ready
+        self._old_executor = old_executor
+
+    def run_until_future(self, future: "Future[Any]") -> None:
+        """
+        Runs the code in the work queue until a result is available from the future.
+        Should be run from the thread the executor is initialised in.
+        """
+        # Check we're in the right thread
+        if threading.current_thread() != self._work_thread:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "You cannot run CurrentThreadExecutor from a different thread"
+            )
+
+        def done(future: "Future[Any]") -> None:
+            with self._work_ready:
+                self._broken = True
+                self._work_ready.notify()
+
+        future.add_done_callback(done)
+        # Keep getting and running work items until the future we're waiting for
+        # is done and the queue is empty.
+        while True:
+            with self._work_ready:
+                while not self._work_items and not self._broken:
+                    self._work_ready.wait()
+                if not self._work_items:
+                    break
+                # Get a work item and run it
+                work_item = self._work_items.popleft()
+            work_item.run()
+            del work_item
+
+    def submit(
+        self,
+        fn: Callable[_P, _R],
+        /,
+        *args: _P.args,
+        **kwargs: _P.kwargs,
+    ) -> "Future[_R]":
+        # Check they're not submitting from the same thread
+        if threading.current_thread() == self._work_thread:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "You cannot submit onto CurrentThreadExecutor from its own thread"
+            )
+        f: "Future[_R]" = Future()
+        work_item = _WorkItem(f, fn, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Walk up the CurrentThreadExecutor stack to find the closest one still
+        # running
+        executor = self
+        while True:
+            with executor._work_ready:
+                if not executor._broken:
+                    # Add to work queue
+                    executor._work_items.append(work_item)
+                    executor._work_ready.notify()
+                    break
+            if executor._old_executor is None:
+                raise RuntimeError("CurrentThreadExecutor already quit or is broken")
+            executor = executor._old_executor
+
+        # Return the future
+        return f

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/local.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import contextvars
+import threading
+from typing import Any, Dict, Union
+
+
+class _CVar:
+    """Storage utility for Local."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._data: "contextvars.ContextVar[Dict[str, Any]]" = contextvars.ContextVar(
+            "asgiref.local"
+        )
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        storage_object = self._data.get({})
+        try:
+            return storage_object[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(f"{self!r} object has no attribute {key!r}")
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        if key == "_data":
+            return super().__setattr__(key, value)
+
+        storage_object = self._data.get({}).copy()
+        storage_object[key] = value
+        self._data.set(storage_object)
+
+    def __delattr__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        storage_object = self._data.get({}).copy()
+        if key in storage_object:
+            del storage_object[key]
+            self._data.set(storage_object)
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(f"{self!r} object has no attribute {key!r}")
+
+
+class Local:
+    """Local storage for async tasks.
+
+    This is a namespace object (similar to `threading.local`) where data is
+    also local to the current async task (if there is one).
+
+    In async threads, local means in the same sense as the `contextvars`
+    module - i.e. a value set in an async frame will be visible:
+
+    - to other async code `await`-ed from this frame.
+    - to tasks spawned using `asyncio` utilities (`create_task`, `wait_for`,
+      `gather` and probably others).
+    - to code scheduled in a sync thread using `sync_to_async`
+
+    In "sync" threads (a thread with no async event loop running), the
+    data is thread-local, but additionally shared with async code executed
+    via the `async_to_sync` utility, which schedules async code in a new thread
+    and copies context across to that thread.
+
+    If `thread_critical` is True, then the local will only be visible per-thread,
+    behaving exactly like `threading.local` if the thread is sync, and as
+    `contextvars` if the thread is async. This allows genuinely thread-sensitive
+    code (such as DB handles) to be kept stricly to their initial thread and
+    disable the sharing across `sync_to_async` and `async_to_sync` wrapped calls.
+
+    Unlike plain `contextvars` objects, this utility is threadsafe.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, thread_critical: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._thread_critical = thread_critical
+        self._thread_lock = threading.RLock()
+
+        self._storage: "Union[threading.local, _CVar]"
+
+        if thread_critical:
+            # Thread-local storage
+            self._storage = threading.local()
+        else:
+            # Contextvar storage
+            self._storage = _CVar()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _lock_storage(self):
+        # Thread safe access to storage
+        if self._thread_critical:
+            is_async = True
+            try:
+                # this is a test for are we in a async or sync
+                # thread - will raise RuntimeError if there is
+                # no current loop
+                asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            except RuntimeError:
+                is_async = False
+            if not is_async:
+                # We are in a sync thread, the storage is
+                # just the plain thread local (i.e, "global within
+                # this thread" - it doesn't matter where you are
+                # in a call stack you see the same storage)
+                yield self._storage
+            else:
+                # We are in an async thread - storage is still
+                # local to this thread, but additionally should
+                # behave like a context var (is only visible with
+                # the same async call stack)
+
+                # Ensure context exists in the current thread
+                if not hasattr(self._storage, "cvar"):
+                    self._storage.cvar = _CVar()
+
+                # self._storage is a thread local, so the members
+                # can't be accessed in another thread (we don't
+                # need any locks)
+                yield self._storage.cvar
+        else:
+            # Lock for thread_critical=False as other threads
+            # can access the exact same storage object
+            with self._thread_lock:
+                yield self._storage
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        with self._lock_storage() as storage:
+            return getattr(storage, key)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        if key in ("_local", "_storage", "_thread_critical", "_thread_lock"):
+            return super().__setattr__(key, value)
+        with self._lock_storage() as storage:
+            setattr(storage, key, value)
+
+    def __delattr__(self, key):
+        with self._lock_storage() as storage:
+            delattr(storage, key)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import time
+import traceback
+
+from .compatibility import guarantee_single_callable
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class StatelessServer:
+    """
+    Base server class that handles basic concepts like application instance
+    creation/pooling, exception handling, and similar, for stateless protocols
+    (i.e. ones without actual incoming connections to the process)
+
+    Your code should override the handle() method, doing whatever it needs to,
+    and calling get_or_create_application_instance with a unique `scope_id`
+    and `scope` for the scope it wants to get.
+
+    If an application instance is found with the same `scope_id`, you are
+    given its input queue, otherwise one is made for you with the scope provided
+    and you are given that fresh new input queue. Either way, you should do
+    something like:
+
+    input_queue = self.get_or_create_application_instance(
+        "user-123456",
+        {"type": "testprotocol", "user_id": "123456", "username": "andrew"},
+    )
+    input_queue.put_nowait(message)
+
+    If you try and create an application instance and there are already
+    `max_application` instances, the oldest/least recently used one will be
+    reclaimed and shut down to make space.
+
+    Application coroutines that error will be found periodically (every 100ms
+    by default) and have their exceptions printed to the console. Override
+    application_exception() if you want to do more when this happens.
+
+    If you override run(), make sure you handle things like launching the
+    application checker.
+    """
+
+    application_checker_interval = 0.1
+
+    def __init__(self, application, max_applications=1000):
+        # Parameters
+        self.application = application
+        self.max_applications = max_applications
+        # Initialisation
+        self.application_instances = {}
+
+    ### Mainloop and handling
+
+    def run(self):
+        """
+        Runs the asyncio event loop with our handler loop.
+        """
+        event_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        try:
+            event_loop.run_until_complete(self.arun())
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            logger.info("Exiting due to Ctrl-C/interrupt")
+
+    async def arun(self):
+        """
+        Runs the asyncio event loop with our handler loop.
+        """
+
+        class Done(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        async def handle():
+            await self.handle()
+            raise Done
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.gather(self.application_checker(), handle())
+        except Done:
+            pass
+
+    async def handle(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("You must implement handle()")
+
+    async def application_send(self, scope, message):
+        """
+        Receives outbound sends from applications and handles them.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("You must implement application_send()")
+
+    ### Application instance management
+
+    def get_or_create_application_instance(self, scope_id, scope):
+        """
+        Creates an application instance and returns its queue.
+        """
+        if scope_id in self.application_instances:
+            self.application_instances[scope_id]["last_used"] = time.time()
+            return self.application_instances[scope_id]["input_queue"]
+        # See if we need to delete an old one
+        while len(self.application_instances) > self.max_applications:
+            self.delete_oldest_application_instance()
+        # Make an instance of the application
+        input_queue = asyncio.Queue()
+        application_instance = guarantee_single_callable(self.application)
+        # Run it, and stash the future for later checking
+        future = asyncio.ensure_future(
+            application_instance(
+                scope=scope,
+                receive=input_queue.get,
+                send=lambda message: self.application_send(scope, message),
+            ),
+        )
+        self.application_instances[scope_id] = {
+            "input_queue": input_queue,
+            "future": future,
+            "scope": scope,
+            "last_used": time.time(),
+        }
+        return input_queue
+
+    def delete_oldest_application_instance(self):
+        """
+        Finds and deletes the oldest application instance
+        """
+        oldest_time = min(
+            details["last_used"] for details in self.application_instances.values()
+        )
+        for scope_id, details in self.application_instances.items():
+            if details["last_used"] == oldest_time:
+                self.delete_application_instance(scope_id)
+                # Return to make sure we only delete one in case two have
+                # the same oldest time
+                return
+
+    def delete_application_instance(self, scope_id):
+        """
+        Removes an application instance (makes sure its task is stopped,
+        then removes it from the current set)
+        """
+        details = self.application_instances[scope_id]
+        del self.application_instances[scope_id]
+        if not details["future"].done():
+            details["future"].cancel()
+
+    async def application_checker(self):
+        """
+        Goes through the set of current application instance Futures and cleans up
+        any that are done/prints exceptions for any that errored.
+        """
+        while True:
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.application_checker_interval)
+            for scope_id, details in list(self.application_instances.items()):
+                if details["future"].done():
+                    exception = details["future"].exception()
+                    if exception:
+                        await self.application_exception(exception, details)
+                    try:
+                        del self.application_instances[scope_id]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        # Exception handling might have already got here before us. That's fine.
+                        pass
+
+    async def application_exception(self, exception, application_details):
+        """
+        Called whenever an application coroutine has an exception.
+        """
+        logging.error(
+            "Exception inside application: %s\n%s%s",
+            exception,
+            "".join(traceback.format_tb(exception.__traceback__)),
+            f"  {exception}",
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/sync.py

@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+import asyncio
+import asyncio.coroutines
+import contextvars
+import functools
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .current_thread_executor import CurrentThreadExecutor
+from .local import Local
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # This is not available to import at runtime
+    from _typeshed import OptExcInfo
+
+_F = TypeVar("_F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+_R = TypeVar("_R")
+
+
+def _restore_context(context: contextvars.Context) -> None:
+    # Check for changes in contextvars, and set them to the current
+    # context for downstream consumers
+    for cvar in context:
+        cvalue = context.get(cvar)
+        try:
+            if cvar.get() != cvalue:
+                cvar.set(cvalue)
+        except LookupError:
+            cvar.set(cvalue)
+
+
+# Python 3.12 deprecates asyncio.iscoroutinefunction() as an alias for
+# inspect.iscoroutinefunction(), whilst also removing the _is_coroutine marker.
+# The latter is replaced with the inspect.markcoroutinefunction decorator.
+# Until 3.12 is the minimum supported Python version, provide a shim.
+
+if hasattr(inspect, "markcoroutinefunction"):
+    iscoroutinefunction = inspect.iscoroutinefunction
+    markcoroutinefunction: Callable[[_F], _F] = inspect.markcoroutinefunction
+else:
+    iscoroutinefunction = asyncio.iscoroutinefunction  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def markcoroutinefunction(func: _F) -> _F:
+        func._is_coroutine = asyncio.coroutines._is_coroutine  # type: ignore
+        return func
+
+
+class ThreadSensitiveContext:
+    """Async context manager to manage context for thread sensitive mode
+
+    This context manager controls which thread pool executor is used when in
+    thread sensitive mode. By default, a single thread pool executor is shared
+    within a process.
+
+    The ThreadSensitiveContext() context manager may be used to specify a
+    thread pool per context.
+
+    This context manager is re-entrant, so only the outer-most call to
+    ThreadSensitiveContext will set the context.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    >>> import time
+    >>> async with ThreadSensitiveContext():
+    ...     await sync_to_async(time.sleep, 1)()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.token = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        try:
+            SyncToAsync.thread_sensitive_context.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            self.token = SyncToAsync.thread_sensitive_context.set(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc, value, tb):
+        if not self.token:
+            return
+
+        executor = SyncToAsync.context_to_thread_executor.pop(self, None)
+        if executor:
+            executor.shutdown()
+        SyncToAsync.thread_sensitive_context.reset(self.token)
+
+
+class AsyncToSync(Generic[_P, _R]):
+    """
+    Utility class which turns an awaitable that only works on the thread with
+    the event loop into a synchronous callable that works in a subthread.
+
+    If the call stack contains an async loop, the code runs there.
+    Otherwise, the code runs in a new loop in a new thread.
+
+    Either way, this thread then pauses and waits to run any thread_sensitive
+    code called from further down the call stack using SyncToAsync, before
+    finally exiting once the async task returns.
+    """
+
+    # Keeps a reference to the CurrentThreadExecutor in local context, so that
+    # any sync_to_async inside the wrapped code can find it.
+    executors: "Local" = Local()
+
+    # When we can't find a CurrentThreadExecutor from the context, such as
+    # inside create_task, we'll look it up here from the running event loop.
+    loop_thread_executors: "Dict[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, CurrentThreadExecutor]" = {}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        awaitable: Union[
+            Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
+            Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]],
+        ],
+        force_new_loop: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not callable(awaitable) or (
+            not iscoroutinefunction(awaitable)
+            and not iscoroutinefunction(getattr(awaitable, "__call__", awaitable))
+        ):
+            # Python does not have very reliable detection of async functions
+            # (lots of false negatives) so this is just a warning.
+            warnings.warn(
+                "async_to_sync was passed a non-async-marked callable", stacklevel=2
+            )
+        self.awaitable = awaitable
+        try:
+            self.__self__ = self.awaitable.__self__  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        self.force_new_loop = force_new_loop
+        self.main_event_loop = None
+        try:
+            self.main_event_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            # There's no event loop in this thread.
+            pass
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> _R:
+        __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa: F841
+
+        if not self.force_new_loop and not self.main_event_loop:
+            # There's no event loop in this thread. Look for the threadlocal if
+            # we're inside SyncToAsync
+            main_event_loop_pid = getattr(
+                SyncToAsync.threadlocal, "main_event_loop_pid", None
+            )
+            # We make sure the parent loop is from the same process - if
+            # they've forked, this is not going to be valid any more (#194)
+            if main_event_loop_pid and main_event_loop_pid == os.getpid():
+                self.main_event_loop = getattr(
+                    SyncToAsync.threadlocal, "main_event_loop", None
+                )
+
+        # You can't call AsyncToSync from a thread with a running event loop
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "You cannot use AsyncToSync in the same thread as an async event loop - "
+                "just await the async function directly."
+            )
+
+        # Make a future for the return information
+        call_result: "Future[_R]" = Future()
+
+        # Make a CurrentThreadExecutor we'll use to idle in this thread - we
+        # need one for every sync frame, even if there's one above us in the
+        # same thread.
+        old_executor = getattr(self.executors, "current", None)
+        current_executor = CurrentThreadExecutor(old_executor)
+        self.executors.current = current_executor
+
+        # Wrapping context in list so it can be reassigned from within
+        # `main_wrap`.
+        context = [contextvars.copy_context()]
+
+        # Get task context so that parent task knows which task to propagate
+        # an asyncio.CancelledError to.
+        task_context = getattr(SyncToAsync.threadlocal, "task_context", None)
+
+        # Use call_soon_threadsafe to schedule a synchronous callback on the
+        # main event loop's thread if it's there, otherwise make a new loop
+        # in this thread.
+        try:
+            awaitable = self.main_wrap(
+                call_result,
+                sys.exc_info(),
+                task_context,
+                context,
+                # prepare an awaitable which can be passed as is to self.main_wrap,
+                # so that `args` and `kwargs` don't need to be
+                # destructured when passed to self.main_wrap
+                # (which is required by `ParamSpec`)
+                # as that may cause overlapping arguments
+                self.awaitable(*args, **kwargs),
+            )
+
+            async def new_loop_wrap() -> None:
+                loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+                self.loop_thread_executors[loop] = current_executor
+                try:
+                    await awaitable
+                finally:
+                    del self.loop_thread_executors[loop]
+
+            if self.main_event_loop is not None:
+                try:
+                    self.main_event_loop.call_soon_threadsafe(
+                        self.main_event_loop.create_task, awaitable
+                    )
+                except RuntimeError:
+                    running_in_main_event_loop = False
+                else:
+                    running_in_main_event_loop = True
+                    # Run the CurrentThreadExecutor until the future is done.
+                    current_executor.run_until_future(call_result)
+            else:
+                running_in_main_event_loop = False
+
+            if not running_in_main_event_loop:
+                # Make our own event loop - in a new thread - and run inside that.
+                loop_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
+                loop_future = loop_executor.submit(asyncio.run, new_loop_wrap())
+                # Run the CurrentThreadExecutor until the future is done.
+                current_executor.run_until_future(loop_future)
+                # Wait for future and/or allow for exception propagation
+                loop_future.result()
+        finally:
+            _restore_context(context[0])
+            # Restore old current thread executor state
+            self.executors.current = old_executor
+
+        # Wait for results from the future.
+        return call_result.result()
+
+    def __get__(self, parent: Any, objtype: Any) -> Callable[_P, _R]:
+        """
+        Include self for methods
+        """
+        func = functools.partial(self.__call__, parent)
+        return functools.update_wrapper(func, self.awaitable)
+
+    async def main_wrap(
+        self,
+        call_result: "Future[_R]",
+        exc_info: "OptExcInfo",
+        task_context: "Optional[List[asyncio.Task[Any]]]",
+        context: List[contextvars.Context],
+        awaitable: Union[Coroutine[Any, Any, _R], Awaitable[_R]],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Wraps the awaitable with something that puts the result into the
+        result/exception future.
+        """
+
+        __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa: F841
+
+        if context is not None:
+            _restore_context(context[0])
+
+        current_task = asyncio.current_task()
+        if current_task is not None and task_context is not None:
+            task_context.append(current_task)
+
+        try:
+            # If we have an exception, run the function inside the except block
+            # after raising it so exc_info is correctly populated.
+            if exc_info[1]:
+                try:
+                    raise exc_info[1]
+                except BaseException:
+                    result = await awaitable
+            else:
+                result = await awaitable
+        except BaseException as e:
+            call_result.set_exception(e)
+        else:
+            call_result.set_result(result)
+        finally:
+            if current_task is not None and task_context is not None:
+                task_context.remove(current_task)
+            context[0] = contextvars.copy_context()
+
+
+class SyncToAsync(Generic[_P, _R]):
+    """
+    Utility class which turns a synchronous callable into an awaitable that
+    runs in a threadpool. It also sets a threadlocal inside the thread so
+    calls to AsyncToSync can escape it.
+
+    If thread_sensitive is passed, the code will run in the same thread as any
+    outer code. This is needed for underlying Python code that is not
+    threadsafe (for example, code which handles SQLite database connections).
+
+    If the outermost program is async (i.e. SyncToAsync is outermost), then
+    this will be a dedicated single sub-thread that all sync code runs in,
+    one after the other. If the outermost program is sync (i.e. AsyncToSync is
+    outermost), this will just be the main thread. This is achieved by idling
+    with a CurrentThreadExecutor while AsyncToSync is blocking its sync parent,
+    rather than just blocking.
+
+    If executor is passed in, that will be used instead of the loop's default executor.
+    In order to pass in an executor, thread_sensitive must be set to False, otherwise
+    a TypeError will be raised.
+    """
+
+    # Storage for main event loop references
+    threadlocal = threading.local()
+
+    # Single-thread executor for thread-sensitive code
+    single_thread_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
+
+    # Maintain a contextvar for the current execution context. Optionally used
+    # for thread sensitive mode.
+    thread_sensitive_context: "contextvars.ContextVar[ThreadSensitiveContext]" = (
+        contextvars.ContextVar("thread_sensitive_context")
+    )
+
+    # Contextvar that is used to detect if the single thread executor
+    # would be awaited on while already being used in the same context
+    deadlock_context: "contextvars.ContextVar[bool]" = contextvars.ContextVar(
+        "deadlock_context"
+    )
+
+    # Maintaining a weak reference to the context ensures that thread pools are
+    # erased once the context goes out of scope. This terminates the thread pool.
+    context_to_thread_executor: "weakref.WeakKeyDictionary[ThreadSensitiveContext, ThreadPoolExecutor]" = (
+        weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[_P, _R],
+        thread_sensitive: bool = True,
+        executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if (
+            not callable(func)
+            or iscoroutinefunction(func)
+            or iscoroutinefunction(getattr(func, "__call__", func))
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("sync_to_async can only be applied to sync functions.")
+        self.func = func
+        functools.update_wrapper(self, func)
+        self._thread_sensitive = thread_sensitive
+        markcoroutinefunction(self)
+        if thread_sensitive and executor is not None:
+            raise TypeError("executor must not be set when thread_sensitive is True")
+        self._executor = executor
+        try:
+            self.__self__ = func.__self__  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> _R:
+        __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa: F841
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        # Work out what thread to run the code in
+        if self._thread_sensitive:
+            current_thread_executor = getattr(AsyncToSync.executors, "current", None)
+            if current_thread_executor:
+                # If we have a parent sync thread above somewhere, use that
+                executor = current_thread_executor
+            elif self.thread_sensitive_context.get(None):
+                # If we have a way of retrieving the current context, attempt
+                # to use a per-context thread pool executor
+                thread_sensitive_context = self.thread_sensitive_context.get()
+
+                if thread_sensitive_context in self.context_to_thread_executor:
+                    # Re-use thread executor in current context
+                    executor = self.context_to_thread_executor[thread_sensitive_context]
+                else:
+                    # Create new thread executor in current context
+                    executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
+                    self.context_to_thread_executor[thread_sensitive_context] = executor
+            elif loop in AsyncToSync.loop_thread_executors:
+                # Re-use thread executor for running loop
+                executor = AsyncToSync.loop_thread_executors[loop]
+            elif self.deadlock_context.get(False):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Single thread executor already being used, would deadlock"
+                )
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, we run it in a fixed single thread
+                executor = self.single_thread_executor
+                self.deadlock_context.set(True)
+        else:
+            # Use the passed in executor, or the loop's default if it is None
+            executor = self._executor
+
+        context = contextvars.copy_context()
+        child = functools.partial(self.func, *args, **kwargs)
+        func = context.run
+        task_context: List[asyncio.Task[Any]] = []
+
+        # Run the code in the right thread
+        exec_coro = loop.run_in_executor(
+            executor,
+            functools.partial(
+                self.thread_handler,
+                loop,
+                sys.exc_info(),
+                task_context,
+                func,
+                child,
+            ),
+        )
+        ret: _R
+        try:
+            ret = await asyncio.shield(exec_coro)
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            cancel_parent = True
+            try:
+                task = task_context[0]
+                task.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await task
+                    cancel_parent = False
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            if exec_coro.done():
+                raise
+            if cancel_parent:
+                exec_coro.cancel()
+            ret = await exec_coro
+        finally:
+            _restore_context(context)
+            self.deadlock_context.set(False)
+
+        return ret
+
+    def __get__(
+        self, parent: Any, objtype: Any
+    ) -> Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]:
+        """
+        Include self for methods
+        """
+        func = functools.partial(self.__call__, parent)
+        return functools.update_wrapper(func, self.func)
+
+    def thread_handler(self, loop, exc_info, task_context, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Wraps the sync application with exception handling.
+        """
+
+        __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa: F841
+
+        # Set the threadlocal for AsyncToSync
+        self.threadlocal.main_event_loop = loop
+        self.threadlocal.main_event_loop_pid = os.getpid()
+        self.threadlocal.task_context = task_context
+
+        # Run the function
+        # If we have an exception, run the function inside the except block
+        # after raising it so exc_info is correctly populated.
+        if exc_info[1]:
+            try:
+                raise exc_info[1]
+            except BaseException:
+                return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@overload
+def async_to_sync(
+    *,
+    force_new_loop: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[
+    [Union[Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]], Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]]]],
+    Callable[_P, _R],
+]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def async_to_sync(
+    awaitable: Union[
+        Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
+        Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]],
+    ],
+    *,
+    force_new_loop: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[_P, _R]:
+    ...
+
+
+def async_to_sync(
+    awaitable: Optional[
+        Union[
+            Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
+            Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]],
+        ]
+    ] = None,
+    *,
+    force_new_loop: bool = False,
+) -> Union[
+    Callable[
+        [Union[Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]], Callable[_P, Awaitable[_R]]]],
+        Callable[_P, _R],
+    ],
+    Callable[_P, _R],
+]:
+    if awaitable is None:
+        return lambda f: AsyncToSync(
+            f,
+            force_new_loop=force_new_loop,
+        )
+    return AsyncToSync(
+        awaitable,
+        force_new_loop=force_new_loop,
+    )
+
+
+@overload
+def sync_to_async(
+    *,
+    thread_sensitive: bool = True,
+    executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[_P, _R]], Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def sync_to_async(
+    func: Callable[_P, _R],
+    *,
+    thread_sensitive: bool = True,
+    executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
+) -> Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def sync_to_async(
+    func: Optional[Callable[_P, _R]] = None,
+    *,
+    thread_sensitive: bool = True,
+    executor: Optional["ThreadPoolExecutor"] = None,
+) -> Union[
+    Callable[[Callable[_P, _R]], Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]]],
+    Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _R]],
+]:
+    if func is None:
+        return lambda f: SyncToAsync(
+            f,
+            thread_sensitive=thread_sensitive,
+            executor=executor,
+        )
+    return SyncToAsync(
+        func,
+        thread_sensitive=thread_sensitive,
+        executor=executor,
+    )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/testing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import asyncio
+import contextvars
+import time
+
+from .compatibility import guarantee_single_callable
+from .timeout import timeout as async_timeout
+
+
+class ApplicationCommunicator:
+    """
+    Runs an ASGI application in a test mode, allowing sending of
+    messages to it and retrieval of messages it sends.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, application, scope):
+        self._future = None
+        self.application = guarantee_single_callable(application)
+        self.scope = scope
+        self._input_queue = None
+        self._output_queue = None
+
+    # For Python 3.9 we need to lazily bind the queues, on 3.10+ they bind the
+    # event loop lazily.
+    @property
+    def input_queue(self):
+        if self._input_queue is None:
+            self._input_queue = asyncio.Queue()
+        return self._input_queue
+
+    @property
+    def output_queue(self):
+        if self._output_queue is None:
+            self._output_queue = asyncio.Queue()
+        return self._output_queue
+
+    @property
+    def future(self):
+        if self._future is None:
+            # Clear context - this ensures that context vars set in the testing scope
+            # are not "leaked" into the application which would normally begin with
+            # an empty context. In Python >= 3.11 this could also be written as:
+            # asyncio.create_task(..., context=contextvars.Context())
+            self._future = contextvars.Context().run(
+                asyncio.create_task,
+                self.application(
+                    self.scope, self.input_queue.get, self.output_queue.put
+                ),
+            )
+        return self._future
+
+    async def wait(self, timeout=1):
+        """
+        Waits for the application to stop itself and returns any exceptions.
+        """
+        try:
+            async with async_timeout(timeout):
+                try:
+                    await self.future
+                    self.future.result()
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+        finally:
+            if not self.future.done():
+                self.future.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await self.future
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+
+    def stop(self, exceptions=True):
+        future = self._future
+        if future is None:
+            return
+
+        if not future.done():
+            future.cancel()
+        elif exceptions:
+            # Give a chance to raise any exceptions
+            future.result()
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        # Clean up on deletion
+        try:
+            self.stop(exceptions=False)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            # Event loop already stopped
+            pass
+
+    async def send_input(self, message):
+        """
+        Sends a single message to the application
+        """
+        # Make sure there's not an exception to raise from the task
+        if self.future.done():
+            self.future.result()
+
+        # Give it the message
+        await self.input_queue.put(message)
+
+    async def receive_output(self, timeout=1):
+        """
+        Receives a single message from the application, with optional timeout.
+        """
+        # Make sure there's not an exception to raise from the task
+        if self.future.done():
+            self.future.result()
+        # Wait and receive the message
+        try:
+            async with async_timeout(timeout):
+                return await self.output_queue.get()
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError as e:
+            # See if we have another error to raise inside
+            if self.future.done():
+                self.future.result()
+            else:
+                self.future.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await self.future
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+            raise e
+
+    async def receive_nothing(self, timeout=0.1, interval=0.01):
+        """
+        Checks that there is no message to receive in the given time.
+        """
+        # Make sure there's not an exception to raise from the task
+        if self.future.done():
+            self.future.result()
+
+        # `interval` has precedence over `timeout`
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        while time.monotonic() - start < timeout:
+            if not self.output_queue.empty():
+                return False
+            await asyncio.sleep(interval)
+        return self.output_queue.empty()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/timeout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# This code is originally sourced from the aio-libs project "async_timeout",
+# under the Apache 2.0 license. You may see the original project at
+# https://github.com/aio-libs/async-timeout
+
+# It is vendored here to reduce chain-dependencies on this library, and
+# modified slightly to remove some features we don't use.
+
+
+import asyncio
+import warnings
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any  # noqa
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+
+class timeout:
+    """timeout context manager.
+
+    Useful in cases when you want to apply timeout logic around block
+    of code or in cases when asyncio.wait_for is not suitable. For example:
+
+    >>> with timeout(0.001):
+    ...     async with aiohttp.get('https://github.com') as r:
+    ...         await r.text()
+
+
+    timeout - value in seconds or None to disable timeout logic
+    loop - asyncio compatible event loop
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timeout: Optional[float],
+        *,
+        loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        if loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                """The loop argument to timeout() is deprecated.""", DeprecationWarning
+            )
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._task = None  # type: Optional[asyncio.Task[Any]]
+        self._cancelled = False
+        self._cancel_handler = None  # type: Optional[asyncio.Handle]
+        self._cancel_at = None  # type: Optional[float]
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "timeout":
+        return self._do_enter()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException],
+        exc_val: BaseException,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType,
+    ) -> Optional[bool]:
+        self._do_exit(exc_type)
+        return None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> "timeout":
+        return self._do_enter()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException],
+        exc_val: BaseException,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._do_exit(exc_type)
+
+    @property
+    def expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancelled
+
+    @property
+    def remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        if self._cancel_at is not None:
+            return max(self._cancel_at - self._loop.time(), 0.0)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def _do_enter(self) -> "timeout":
+        # Support Tornado 5- without timeout
+        # Details: https://github.com/python/asyncio/issues/392
+        if self._timeout is None:
+            return self
+
+        self._task = asyncio.current_task(self._loop)
+        if self._task is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Timeout context manager should be used " "inside a task"
+            )
+
+        if self._timeout <= 0:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._cancel_task)
+            return self
+
+        self._cancel_at = self._loop.time() + self._timeout
+        self._cancel_handler = self._loop.call_at(self._cancel_at, self._cancel_task)
+        return self
+
+    def _do_exit(self, exc_type: Type[BaseException]) -> None:
+        if exc_type is asyncio.CancelledError and self._cancelled:
+            self._cancel_handler = None
+            self._task = None
+            raise asyncio.TimeoutError
+        if self._timeout is not None and self._cancel_handler is not None:
+            self._cancel_handler.cancel()
+            self._cancel_handler = None
+        self._task = None
+        return None
+
+    def _cancel_task(self) -> None:
+        if self._task is not None:
+            self._task.cancel()
+            self._cancelled = True

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/typing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+import sys
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Literal,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypedDict,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import NotRequired
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired
+
+__all__ = (
+    "ASGIVersions",
+    "HTTPScope",
+    "WebSocketScope",
+    "LifespanScope",
+    "WWWScope",
+    "Scope",
+    "HTTPRequestEvent",
+    "HTTPResponseStartEvent",
+    "HTTPResponseBodyEvent",
+    "HTTPResponseTrailersEvent",
+    "HTTPResponsePathsendEvent",
+    "HTTPServerPushEvent",
+    "HTTPDisconnectEvent",
+    "WebSocketConnectEvent",
+    "WebSocketAcceptEvent",
+    "WebSocketReceiveEvent",
+    "WebSocketSendEvent",
+    "WebSocketResponseStartEvent",
+    "WebSocketResponseBodyEvent",
+    "WebSocketDisconnectEvent",
+    "WebSocketCloseEvent",
+    "LifespanStartupEvent",
+    "LifespanShutdownEvent",
+    "LifespanStartupCompleteEvent",
+    "LifespanStartupFailedEvent",
+    "LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent",
+    "LifespanShutdownFailedEvent",
+    "ASGIReceiveEvent",
+    "ASGISendEvent",
+    "ASGIReceiveCallable",
+    "ASGISendCallable",
+    "ASGI2Protocol",
+    "ASGI2Application",
+    "ASGI3Application",
+    "ASGIApplication",
+)
+
+
+class ASGIVersions(TypedDict):
+    spec_version: str
+    version: Union[Literal["2.0"], Literal["3.0"]]
+
+
+class HTTPScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    http_version: str
+    method: str
+    scheme: str
+    path: str
+    raw_path: bytes
+    query_string: bytes
+    root_path: str
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    client: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
+    server: Optional[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]]
+    state: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[object, object]]]
+
+
+class WebSocketScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    http_version: str
+    scheme: str
+    path: str
+    raw_path: bytes
+    query_string: bytes
+    root_path: str
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    client: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
+    server: Optional[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]]
+    subprotocols: Iterable[str]
+    state: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[object, object]]]
+
+
+class LifespanScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    state: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+WWWScope = Union[HTTPScope, WebSocketScope]
+Scope = Union[HTTPScope, WebSocketScope, LifespanScope]
+
+
+class HTTPRequestEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.request"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: bool
+
+
+class HTTPResponseDebugEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.debug"]
+    info: Dict[str, object]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.start"]
+    status: int
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    trailers: bool
+
+
+class HTTPResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.body"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: bool
+
+
+class HTTPResponseTrailersEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.trailers"]
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    more_trailers: bool
+
+
+class HTTPResponsePathsendEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.pathsend"]
+    path: str
+
+
+class HTTPServerPushEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.push"]
+    path: str
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class HTTPDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.disconnect"]
+
+
+class WebSocketConnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.connect"]
+
+
+class WebSocketAcceptEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.accept"]
+    subprotocol: Optional[str]
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class WebSocketReceiveEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.receive"]
+    bytes: Optional[bytes]
+    text: Optional[str]
+
+
+class WebSocketSendEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.send"]
+    bytes: Optional[bytes]
+    text: Optional[str]
+
+
+class WebSocketResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.http.response.start"]
+    status: int
+    headers: Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class WebSocketResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.http.response.body"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: bool
+
+
+class WebSocketDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.disconnect"]
+    code: int
+    reason: Optional[str]
+
+
+class WebSocketCloseEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.close"]
+    code: int
+    reason: Optional[str]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup"]
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown"]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup.complete"]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupFailedEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup.failed"]
+    message: str
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.complete"]
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownFailedEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.failed"]
+    message: str
+
+
+ASGIReceiveEvent = Union[
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPDisconnectEvent,
+    WebSocketConnectEvent,
+    WebSocketReceiveEvent,
+    WebSocketDisconnectEvent,
+    LifespanStartupEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownEvent,
+]
+
+
+ASGISendEvent = Union[
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent,
+    HTTPResponseBodyEvent,
+    HTTPResponseTrailersEvent,
+    HTTPServerPushEvent,
+    HTTPDisconnectEvent,
+    WebSocketAcceptEvent,
+    WebSocketSendEvent,
+    WebSocketResponseStartEvent,
+    WebSocketResponseBodyEvent,
+    WebSocketCloseEvent,
+    LifespanStartupCompleteEvent,
+    LifespanStartupFailedEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownFailedEvent,
+]
+
+
+ASGIReceiveCallable = Callable[[], Awaitable[ASGIReceiveEvent]]
+ASGISendCallable = Callable[[ASGISendEvent], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+class ASGI2Protocol(Protocol):
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable
+    ) -> None:
+        ...
+
+
+ASGI2Application = Type[ASGI2Protocol]
+ASGI3Application = Callable[
+    [
+        Scope,
+        ASGIReceiveCallable,
+        ASGISendCallable,
+    ],
+    Awaitable[None],
+]
+ASGIApplication = Union[ASGI2Application, ASGI3Application]

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/asgiref/wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+from io import BytesIO
+from tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile
+
+from asgiref.sync import AsyncToSync, sync_to_async
+
+
+class WsgiToAsgi:
+    """
+    Wraps a WSGI application to make it into an ASGI application.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, wsgi_application):
+        self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
+        """
+        ASGI application instantiation point.
+        We return a new WsgiToAsgiInstance here with the WSGI app
+        and the scope, ready to respond when it is __call__ed.
+        """
+        await WsgiToAsgiInstance(self.wsgi_application)(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class WsgiToAsgiInstance:
+    """
+    Per-socket instance of a wrapped WSGI application
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, wsgi_application):
+        self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.response_content_length = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            raise ValueError("WSGI wrapper received a non-HTTP scope")
+        self.scope = scope
+        with SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=65536) as body:
+            # Alright, wait for the http.request messages
+            while True:
+                message = await receive()
+                if message["type"] != "http.request":
+                    raise ValueError("WSGI wrapper received a non-HTTP-request message")
+                body.write(message.get("body", b""))
+                if not message.get("more_body"):
+                    break
+            body.seek(0)
+            # Wrap send so it can be called from the subthread
+            self.sync_send = AsyncToSync(send)
+            # Call the WSGI app
+            await self.run_wsgi_app(body)
+
+    def build_environ(self, scope, body):
+        """
+        Builds a scope and request body into a WSGI environ object.
+        """
+        script_name = scope.get("root_path", "").encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+        path_info = scope["path"].encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+        if path_info.startswith(script_name):
+            path_info = path_info[len(script_name) :]
+        environ = {
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": scope["method"],
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": script_name,
+            "PATH_INFO": path_info,
+            "QUERY_STRING": scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/%s" % scope["http_version"],
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": scope.get("scheme", "http"),
+            "wsgi.input": body,
+            "wsgi.errors": BytesIO(),
+            "wsgi.multithread": True,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": True,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+        }
+        # Get server name and port - required in WSGI, not in ASGI
+        if "server" in scope:
+            environ["SERVER_NAME"] = scope["server"][0]
+            environ["SERVER_PORT"] = str(scope["server"][1])
+        else:
+            environ["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost"
+            environ["SERVER_PORT"] = "80"
+
+        if scope.get("client") is not None:
+            environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = scope["client"][0]
+
+        # Go through headers and make them into environ entries
+        for name, value in self.scope.get("headers", []):
+            name = name.decode("latin1")
+            if name == "content-length":
+                corrected_name = "CONTENT_LENGTH"
+            elif name == "content-type":
+                corrected_name = "CONTENT_TYPE"
+            else:
+                corrected_name = "HTTP_%s" % name.upper().replace("-", "_")
+            # HTTPbis say only ASCII chars are allowed in headers, but we latin1 just in case
+            value = value.decode("latin1")
+            if corrected_name in environ:
+                value = environ[corrected_name] + "," + value
+            environ[corrected_name] = value
+        return environ
+
+    def start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
+        """
+        WSGI start_response callable.
+        """
+        # Don't allow re-calling once response has begun
+        if self.response_started:
+            raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+        # Don't allow re-calling without exc_info
+        if hasattr(self, "response_start") and exc_info is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "You cannot call start_response a second time without exc_info"
+            )
+        # Extract status code
+        status_code, _ = status.split(" ", 1)
+        status_code = int(status_code)
+        # Extract headers
+        headers = [
+            (name.lower().encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
+            for name, value in response_headers
+        ]
+        # Extract content-length
+        self.response_content_length = None
+        for name, value in response_headers:
+            if name.lower() == "content-length":
+                self.response_content_length = int(value)
+        # Build and send response start message.
+        self.response_start = {
+            "type": "http.response.start",
+            "status": status_code,
+            "headers": headers,
+        }
+
+    @sync_to_async
+    def run_wsgi_app(self, body):
+        """
+        Called in a subthread to run the WSGI app. We encapsulate like
+        this so that the start_response callable is called in the same thread.
+        """
+        # Translate the scope and incoming request body into a WSGI environ
+        environ = self.build_environ(self.scope, body)
+        # Run the WSGI app
+        bytes_sent = 0
+        for output in self.wsgi_application(environ, self.start_response):
+            # If this is the first response, include the response headers
+            if not self.response_started:
+                self.response_started = True
+                self.sync_send(self.response_start)
+            # If the application supplies a Content-Length header
+            if self.response_content_length is not None:
+                # The server should not transmit more bytes to the client than the header allows
+                bytes_allowed = self.response_content_length - bytes_sent
+                if len(output) > bytes_allowed:
+                    output = output[:bytes_allowed]
+            self.sync_send(
+                {"type": "http.response.body", "body": output, "more_body": True}
+            )
+            bytes_sent += len(output)
+            # The server should stop iterating over the response when enough data has been sent
+            if bytes_sent == self.response_content_length:
+                break
+        # Close connection
+        if not self.response_started:
+            self.response_started = True
+            self.sync_send(self.response_start)
+        self.sync_send({"type": "http.response.body"})

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: certifi
+Version: 2025.8.3
+Summary: Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle.
+Home-page: https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Author: Kenneth Reitz
+Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com
+License: MPL-2.0
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)
+Classifier: Natural Language :: English
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: project-url
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+Certifi: Python SSL Certificates
+================================
+
+Certifi provides Mozilla's carefully curated collection of Root Certificates for
+validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity
+of TLS hosts. It has been extracted from the `Requests`_ project.
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+``certifi`` is available on PyPI. Simply install it with ``pip``::
+
+    $ pip install certifi
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To reference the installed certificate authority (CA) bundle, you can use the
+built-in function::
+
+    >>> import certifi
+
+    >>> certifi.where()
+    '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem'
+
+Or from the command line::
+
+    $ python -m certifi
+    /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
+
+Enjoy!
+
+.. _`Requests`: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/
+
+Addition/Removal of Certificates
+--------------------------------
+
+Certifi does not support any addition/removal or other modification of the
+CA trust store content. This project is intended to provide a reliable and
+highly portable root of trust to python deployments. Look to upstream projects
+for methods to use alternate trust.

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/RECORD

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=z4sG3fosbP3nviub_TUpSb71z0bPmsp3Xa6ZIatGUe4,2422
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/RECORD,,
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=_zCd3N1l69ArxyTb8rzEoP9TpbYXkqRFSNOD5OuxnTs,91
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=6TcW2mucDVpKHfYP5pWzcPBpVgPSH2-D8FPkLPwQyvc,989
+certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=KMu4vUCfsjLrkPbSNdgdekS-pVJzBAJFO__nI8NF6-U,8
+certifi/__init__.py,sha256=0a5ro4KTYep37Oo0Z8TycCPXaDlOEtvuj2pNWZ_1t8Y,94
+certifi/__main__.py,sha256=xBBoj905TUWBLRGANOcf7oi6e-3dMP4cEoG9OyMs11g,243
+certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc,,
+certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-311.pyc,,
+certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-311.pyc,,
+certifi/cacert.pem,sha256=kQLmo2RKBxumzb1KU2mPKRxKZLGEUKCLwEZUi221zIs,287634
+certifi/core.py,sha256=XFXycndG5pf37ayeF8N32HUuDafsyhkVMbO4BAPWHa0,3394
+certifi/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/WHEEL

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+This package contains a modified version of ca-bundle.crt:
+
+ca-bundle.crt -- Bundle of CA Root Certificates
+
+This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities
+(CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates
+file (certdata.txt).  This file can be found in the mozilla source tree:
+https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore
+can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with
+an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication.
+Just configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile.#
+
+***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
+v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+@(#) $RCSfile: certdata.txt,v $ $Revision: 1.80 $ $Date: 2011/11/03 15:11:58 $

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi-2025.8.3.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+certifi

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2025.08.03"

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/certifi/core.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+import atexit
+
+def exit_cacert_ctx() -> None:
+    _CACERT_CTX.__exit__(None, None, None)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+Except when otherwise stated (look for LICENSE files in directories or
+information at the beginning of each file) all software and
+documentation is licensed as follows: 
+
+    The MIT License
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person 
+    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation 
+    files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without 
+    restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, 
+    copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or 
+    sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 
+    in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS 
+    OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL 
+    THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING 
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER 
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: cffi
+Version: 1.17.1
+Summary: Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
+Home-page: http://cffi.readthedocs.org
+Author: Armin Rigo, Maciej Fijalkowski
+Author-email: python-cffi@googlegroups.com
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Documentation, http://cffi.readthedocs.org/
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi
+Project-URL: Issue Tracker, https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi/issues
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/whatsnew.html
+Project-URL: Downloads, https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi/releases
+Project-URL: Contact, https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/python-cffi
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: pycparser
+
+
+CFFI
+====
+
+Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
+Please see the `Documentation <http://cffi.readthedocs.org/>`_.
+
+Contact
+-------
+
+`Mailing list <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/python-cffi>`_

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+Generator: setuptools (74.1.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64
+

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[distutils.setup_keywords]
+cffi_modules = cffi.setuptools_ext:cffi_modules

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi-1.17.1.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+_cffi_backend
+cffi

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+__all__ = ['FFI', 'VerificationError', 'VerificationMissing', 'CDefError',
+           'FFIError']
+
+from .api import FFI
+from .error import CDefError, FFIError, VerificationError, VerificationMissing
+from .error import PkgConfigError
+
+__version__ = "1.17.1"
+__version_info__ = (1, 17, 1)
+
+# The verifier module file names are based on the CRC32 of a string that
+# contains the following version number.  It may be older than __version__
+# if nothing is clearly incompatible.
+__version_verifier_modules__ = "0.8.6"

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_errors.h

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#ifndef CFFI_MESSAGEBOX
+# ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  define CFFI_MESSAGEBOX  1
+# else
+#  define CFFI_MESSAGEBOX  0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+
+#if CFFI_MESSAGEBOX
+/* Windows only: logic to take the Python-CFFI embedding logic
+   initialization errors and display them in a background thread
+   with MessageBox.  The idea is that if the whole program closes
+   as a result of this problem, then likely it is already a console
+   program and you can read the stderr output in the console too.
+   If it is not a console program, then it will likely show its own
+   dialog to complain, or generally not abruptly close, and for this
+   case the background thread should stay alive.
+*/
+static void *volatile _cffi_bootstrap_text;
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_start_error_capture(void)
+{
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    PyObject *x, *m, *bi;
+
+    if (InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(&_cffi_bootstrap_text,
+            (void *)1, NULL) != NULL)
+        return (PyObject *)1;
+
+    m = PyImport_AddModule("_cffi_error_capture");
+    if (m == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    result = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    if (result == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    bi = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins");
+#else
+    bi = PyImport_ImportModule("__builtin__");
+#endif
+    if (bi == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    PyDict_SetItemString(result, "__builtins__", bi);
+    Py_DECREF(bi);
+
+    x = PyRun_String(
+        "import sys\n"
+        "class FileLike:\n"
+        "  def write(self, x):\n"
+        "    try:\n"
+        "      of.write(x)\n"
+        "    except: pass\n"
+        "    self.buf += x\n"
+        "  def flush(self):\n"
+        "    pass\n"
+        "fl = FileLike()\n"
+        "fl.buf = ''\n"
+        "of = sys.stderr\n"
+        "sys.stderr = fl\n"
+        "def done():\n"
+        "  sys.stderr = of\n"
+        "  return fl.buf\n",   /* make sure the returned value stays alive */
+        Py_file_input,
+        result, result);
+    Py_XDECREF(x);
+
+ error:
+    if (PyErr_Occurred())
+    {
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(Py_None);
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "user32.lib")
+
+static DWORD WINAPI _cffi_bootstrap_dialog(LPVOID ignored)
+{
+    Sleep(666);    /* may be interrupted if the whole process is closing */
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    MessageBoxW(NULL, (wchar_t *)_cffi_bootstrap_text,
+                L"Python-CFFI error",
+                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+#else
+    MessageBoxA(NULL, (char *)_cffi_bootstrap_text,
+                "Python-CFFI error",
+                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
+#endif
+    _cffi_bootstrap_text = NULL;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void _cffi_stop_error_capture(PyObject *ecap)
+{
+    PyObject *s;
+    void *text;
+
+    if (ecap == (PyObject *)1)
+        return;
+
+    if (ecap == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    s = PyRun_String("done()", Py_eval_input, ecap, ecap);
+    if (s == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    /* Show a dialog box, but in a background thread, and
+       never show multiple dialog boxes at once. */
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    text = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(s, NULL);
+#else
+    text = PyString_AsString(s);
+#endif
+
+    _cffi_bootstrap_text = text;
+
+    if (text != NULL)
+    {
+        HANDLE h;
+        h = CreateThread(NULL, 0, _cffi_bootstrap_dialog,
+                         NULL, 0, NULL);
+        if (h != NULL)
+            CloseHandle(h);
+    }
+    /* decref the string, but it should stay alive as 'fl.buf'
+       in the small module above.  It will really be freed only if
+       we later get another similar error.  So it's a leak of at
+       most one copy of the small module.  That's fine for this
+       situation which is usually a "fatal error" anyway. */
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return;
+
+  error:
+    _cffi_bootstrap_text = NULL;
+    PyErr_Clear();
+}
+
+#else
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_start_error_capture(void) { return NULL; }
+static void _cffi_stop_error_capture(PyObject *ecap) { }
+
+#endif

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/_cffi_include.h

@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+#define _CFFI_
+
+/* We try to define Py_LIMITED_API before including Python.h.
+
+   Mess: we can only define it if Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS and
+   Py_REF_DEBUG are not defined.  This is a best-effort approximation:
+   we can learn about Py_DEBUG from pyconfig.h, but it is unclear if
+   the same works for the other two macros.  Py_DEBUG implies them,
+   but not the other way around.
+
+   The implementation is messy (issue #350): on Windows, with _MSC_VER,
+   we have to define Py_LIMITED_API even before including pyconfig.h.
+   In that case, we guess what pyconfig.h will do to the macros above,
+   and check our guess after the #include.
+
+   Note that on Windows, with CPython 3.x, you need >= 3.5 and virtualenv
+   version >= 16.0.0.  With older versions of either, you don't get a
+   copy of PYTHON3.DLL in the virtualenv.  We can't check the version of
+   CPython *before* we even include pyconfig.h.  ffi.set_source() puts
+   a ``#define _CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API'' at the start of this file if it is
+   running on Windows < 3.5, as an attempt at fixing it, but that's
+   arguably wrong because it may not be the target version of Python.
+   Still better than nothing I guess.  As another workaround, you can
+   remove the definition of Py_LIMITED_API here.
+
+   See also 'py_limited_api' in cffi/setuptools_ext.py.
+*/
+#if !defined(_CFFI_USE_EMBEDDING) && !defined(Py_LIMITED_API)
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    if !defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG) && !defined(_CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API)
+#      define Py_LIMITED_API
+#    endif
+#    include <pyconfig.h>
+     /* sanity-check: Py_LIMITED_API will cause crashes if any of these
+        are also defined.  Normally, the Python file PC/pyconfig.h does not
+        cause any of these to be defined, with the exception that _DEBUG
+        causes Py_DEBUG.  Double-check that. */
+#    ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
+#      if defined(Py_DEBUG)
+#        error "pyconfig.h unexpectedly defines Py_DEBUG, but Py_LIMITED_API is set"
+#      endif
+#      if defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
+#        error "pyconfig.h unexpectedly defines Py_TRACE_REFS, but Py_LIMITED_API is set"
+#      endif
+#      if defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
+#        error "pyconfig.h unexpectedly defines Py_REF_DEBUG, but Py_LIMITED_API is set"
+#      endif
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    include <pyconfig.h>
+#    if !defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG) && !defined(_CFFI_NO_LIMITED_API)
+#      define Py_LIMITED_API
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "parse_c_type.h"
+
+/* this block of #ifs should be kept exactly identical between
+   c/_cffi_backend.c, cffi/vengine_cpy.py, cffi/vengine_gen.py
+   and cffi/_cffi_include.h */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+# include <malloc.h>   /* for alloca() */
+# if _MSC_VER < 1600   /* MSVC < 2010 */
+   typedef __int8 int8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_least8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_least16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_least32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_least64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_least8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_least16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_least32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_least64_t;
+   typedef __int8 int_fast8_t;
+   typedef __int16 int_fast16_t;
+   typedef __int32 int_fast32_t;
+   typedef __int64 int_fast64_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8 uint_fast8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16 uint_fast16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32 uint_fast32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uint_fast64_t;
+   typedef __int64 intmax_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64 uintmax_t;
+# else
+#  include <stdint.h>
+# endif
+# if _MSC_VER < 1800   /* MSVC < 2013 */
+#  ifndef __cplusplus
+    typedef unsigned char _Bool;
+#  endif
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   _Fcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  _Dcomplex    /* include <complex.h> for it */
+#else
+# include <stdint.h>
+# if (defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hpux)
+#  include <alloca.h>
+# endif
+# define _cffi_float_complex_t   float _Complex
+# define _cffi_double_complex_t  double _Complex
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+# define _CFFI_UNUSED_FN  __attribute__((unused))
+#else
+# define _CFFI_UNUSED_FN  /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+# ifndef _Bool
+   typedef bool _Bool;   /* semi-hackish: C++ has no _Bool; bool is builtin */
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/**********  CPython-specific section  **********/
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+# define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+#endif
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_double PyFloat_FromDouble
+#define _cffi_from_c_float PyFloat_FromDouble
+#define _cffi_from_c_long PyInt_FromLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_ulong PyLong_FromUnsignedLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_longlong PyLong_FromLongLong
+#define _cffi_from_c_ulonglong PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong
+#define _cffi_from_c__Bool PyBool_FromLong
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_double PyFloat_AsDouble
+#define _cffi_to_c_float PyFloat_AsDouble
+
+#define _cffi_from_c_int(x, type)                                        \
+    (((type)-1) > 0 ? /* unsigned */                                     \
+        (sizeof(type) < sizeof(long) ?                                   \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)x) :                                    \
+         sizeof(type) == sizeof(long) ?                                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)x) :                  \
+            PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long)x)) :        \
+        (sizeof(type) <= sizeof(long) ?                                  \
+            PyInt_FromLong((long)x) :                                    \
+            PyLong_FromLongLong((long long)x)))
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_int(o, type)                                          \
+    ((type)(                                                             \
+     sizeof(type) == 1 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u8(o)        \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i8(o)) :     \
+     sizeof(type) == 2 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u16(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i16(o)) :    \
+     sizeof(type) == 4 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u32(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i32(o)) :    \
+     sizeof(type) == 8 ? (((type)-1) > 0 ? (type)_cffi_to_c_u64(o)       \
+                                         : (type)_cffi_to_c_i64(o)) :    \
+     (Py_FatalError("unsupported size for type " #type), (type)0)))
+
+#define _cffi_to_c_i8                                                    \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[1])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u8                                                    \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[2])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i16                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[3])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u16                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[4])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i32                                                   \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[5])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u32                                                   \
+                 ((unsigned int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[6])
+#define _cffi_to_c_i64                                                   \
+                 ((long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[7])
+#define _cffi_to_c_u64                                                   \
+                 ((unsigned long long(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[8])
+#define _cffi_to_c_char                                                  \
+                 ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[9])
+#define _cffi_from_c_pointer                                             \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[10])
+#define _cffi_to_c_pointer                                               \
+    ((char *(*)(PyObject *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[11])
+#define _cffi_get_struct_layout                                          \
+    not used any more
+#define _cffi_restore_errno                                              \
+    ((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[13])
+#define _cffi_save_errno                                                 \
+    ((void(*)(void))_cffi_exports[14])
+#define _cffi_from_c_char                                                \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char))_cffi_exports[15])
+#define _cffi_from_c_deref                                               \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[16])
+#define _cffi_to_c                                                       \
+    ((int(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[17])
+#define _cffi_from_c_struct                                              \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *))_cffi_exports[18])
+#define _cffi_to_c_wchar_t                                               \
+    ((_cffi_wchar_t(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[19])
+#define _cffi_from_c_wchar_t                                             \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(_cffi_wchar_t))_cffi_exports[20])
+#define _cffi_to_c_long_double                                           \
+    ((long double(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[21])
+#define _cffi_to_c__Bool                                                 \
+    ((_Bool(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[22])
+#define _cffi_prepare_pointer_call_argument                              \
+    ((Py_ssize_t(*)(struct _cffi_ctypedescr *,                           \
+                    PyObject *, char **))_cffi_exports[23])
+#define _cffi_convert_array_from_object                                  \
+    ((int(*)(char *, struct _cffi_ctypedescr *, PyObject *))_cffi_exports[24])
+#define _CFFI_CPIDX  25
+#define _cffi_call_python                                                \
+    ((void(*)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *))_cffi_exports[_CFFI_CPIDX])
+#define _cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t                                           \
+    ((int(*)(PyObject *))_cffi_exports[26])
+#define _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t                                         \
+    ((PyObject *(*)(int))_cffi_exports[27])
+#define _CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS 28
+
+struct _cffi_ctypedescr;
+
+static void *_cffi_exports[_CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS];
+
+#define _cffi_type(index)   (                           \
+    assert((((uintptr_t)_cffi_types[index]) & 1) == 0), \
+    (struct _cffi_ctypedescr *)_cffi_types[index])
+
+static PyObject *_cffi_init(const char *module_name, Py_ssize_t version,
+                            const struct _cffi_type_context_s *ctx)
+{
+    PyObject *module, *o_arg, *new_module;
+    void *raw[] = {
+        (void *)module_name,
+        (void *)version,
+        (void *)_cffi_exports,
+        (void *)ctx,
+    };
+
+    module = PyImport_ImportModule("_cffi_backend");
+    if (module == NULL)
+        goto failure;
+
+    o_arg = PyLong_FromVoidPtr((void *)raw);
+    if (o_arg == NULL)
+        goto failure;
+
+    new_module = PyObject_CallMethod(
+        module, (char *)"_init_cffi_1_0_external_module", (char *)"O", o_arg);
+
+    Py_DECREF(o_arg);
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    return new_module;
+
+  failure:
+    Py_XDECREF(module);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H
+typedef wchar_t _cffi_wchar_t;
+#else
+typedef uint16_t _cffi_wchar_t;   /* same random pick as _cffi_backend.c */
+#endif
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static uint16_t _cffi_to_c_char16_t(PyObject *o)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
+        return (uint16_t)_cffi_to_c_wchar_t(o);
+    else
+        return (uint16_t)_cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t(o);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char16_t(uint16_t x)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
+    else
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t((int)x);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static int _cffi_to_c_char32_t(PyObject *o)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
+        return (int)_cffi_to_c_wchar_t(o);
+    else
+        return (int)_cffi_to_c_wchar3216_t(o);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char32_t(unsigned int x)
+{
+    if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
+    else
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t((int)x);
+}
+
+union _cffi_union_alignment_u {
+    unsigned char m_char;
+    unsigned short m_short;
+    unsigned int m_int;
+    unsigned long m_long;
+    unsigned long long m_longlong;
+    float m_float;
+    double m_double;
+    long double m_longdouble;
+};
+
+struct _cffi_freeme_s {
+    struct _cffi_freeme_s *next;
+    union _cffi_union_alignment_u alignment;
+};
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static int
+_cffi_convert_array_argument(struct _cffi_ctypedescr *ctptr, PyObject *arg,
+                             char **output_data, Py_ssize_t datasize,
+                             struct _cffi_freeme_s **freeme)
+{
+    char *p;
+    if (datasize < 0)
+        return -1;
+
+    p = *output_data;
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        struct _cffi_freeme_s *fp = (struct _cffi_freeme_s *)PyObject_Malloc(
+            offsetof(struct _cffi_freeme_s, alignment) + (size_t)datasize);
+        if (fp == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        fp->next = *freeme;
+        *freeme = fp;
+        p = *output_data = (char *)&fp->alignment;
+    }
+    memset((void *)p, 0, (size_t)datasize);
+    return _cffi_convert_array_from_object(p, ctptr, arg);
+}
+
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN static void
+_cffi_free_array_arguments(struct _cffi_freeme_s *freeme)
+{
+    do {
+        void *p = (void *)freeme;
+        freeme = freeme->next;
+        PyObject_Free(p);
+    } while (freeme != NULL);
+}
+
+/**********  end CPython-specific section  **********/
+#else
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN
+static void (*_cffi_call_python_org)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
+# define _cffi_call_python  _cffi_call_python_org
+#endif
+
+
+#define _cffi_array_len(array)   (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+#define _cffi_prim_int(size, sign)                                      \
+    ((size) == 1 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT8  : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT8)  :    \
+     (size) == 2 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT16 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT16) :    \
+     (size) == 4 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT32 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT32) :    \
+     (size) == 8 ? ((sign) ? _CFFI_PRIM_INT64 : _CFFI_PRIM_UINT64) :    \
+     _CFFI__UNKNOWN_PRIM)
+
+#define _cffi_prim_float(size)                                          \
+    ((size) == sizeof(float) ? _CFFI_PRIM_FLOAT :                       \
+     (size) == sizeof(double) ? _CFFI_PRIM_DOUBLE :                     \
+     (size) == sizeof(long double) ? _CFFI__UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE :       \
+     _CFFI__UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM)
+
+#define _cffi_check_int(got, got_nonpos, expected)      \
+    ((got_nonpos) == (expected <= 0) &&                 \
+     (got) == (unsigned long long)expected)
+
+#ifdef MS_WIN32
+# define _cffi_stdcall  __stdcall
+#else
+# define _cffi_stdcall  /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/_embedding.h

@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+
+/***** Support code for embedding *****/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#  define CFFI_DLLEXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#  define CFFI_DLLEXPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#else
+#  define CFFI_DLLEXPORT  /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+
+/* There are two global variables of type _cffi_call_python_fnptr:
+
+   * _cffi_call_python, which we declare just below, is the one called
+     by ``extern "Python"`` implementations.
+
+   * _cffi_call_python_org, which on CPython is actually part of the
+     _cffi_exports[] array, is the function pointer copied from
+     _cffi_backend.  If _cffi_start_python() fails, then this is set
+     to NULL; otherwise, it should never be NULL.
+
+   After initialization is complete, both are equal.  However, the
+   first one remains equal to &_cffi_start_and_call_python until the
+   very end of initialization, when we are (or should be) sure that
+   concurrent threads also see a completely initialized world, and
+   only then is it changed.
+*/
+#undef _cffi_call_python
+typedef void (*_cffi_call_python_fnptr)(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
+static void _cffi_start_and_call_python(struct _cffi_externpy_s *, char *);
+static _cffi_call_python_fnptr _cffi_call_python = &_cffi_start_and_call_python;
+
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+   /* --- Assuming a GCC not infinitely old --- */
+# define cffi_compare_and_swap(l,o,n)  __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(l,o,n)
+# define cffi_write_barrier()          __sync_synchronize()
+# if !defined(__amd64__) && !defined(__x86_64__) &&   \
+     !defined(__i386__) && !defined(__i386)
+#   define cffi_read_barrier()         __sync_synchronize()
+# else
+#   define cffi_read_barrier()         (void)0
+# endif
+#else
+   /* --- Windows threads version --- */
+# include <Windows.h>
+# define cffi_compare_and_swap(l,o,n) \
+                               (InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(l,n,o) == (o))
+# define cffi_write_barrier()       InterlockedCompareExchange(&_cffi_dummy,0,0)
+# define cffi_read_barrier()           (void)0
+static volatile LONG _cffi_dummy;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+# ifndef _MSC_VER
+#  include <pthread.h>
+   static pthread_mutex_t _cffi_embed_startup_lock;
+# else
+   static CRITICAL_SECTION _cffi_embed_startup_lock;
+# endif
+  static char _cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready = 0;
+#endif
+
+static void _cffi_acquire_reentrant_mutex(void)
+{
+    static void *volatile lock = NULL;
+
+    while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(&lock, NULL, (void *)1)) {
+        /* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
+           hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
+           think: pthread_mutex_init() should be very fast, and
+           this is only run at start-up anyway. */
+    }
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    if (!_cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready) {
+# ifndef _MSC_VER
+        pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
+        pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
+        pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+        pthread_mutex_init(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock, &attr);
+# else
+        InitializeCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+# endif
+        _cffi_embed_startup_lock_ready = 1;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(&lock, (void *)1, NULL))
+        ;
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#else
+    EnterCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void _cffi_release_reentrant_mutex(void)
+{
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#else
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&_cffi_embed_startup_lock);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/**********  CPython-specific section  **********/
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+
+#include "_cffi_errors.h"
+
+
+#define _cffi_call_python_org  _cffi_exports[_CFFI_CPIDX]
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC(void);   /* forward */
+
+static void _cffi_py_initialize(void)
+{
+    /* XXX use initsigs=0, which "skips initialization registration of
+       signal handlers, which might be useful when Python is
+       embedded" according to the Python docs.  But review and think
+       if it should be a user-controllable setting.
+
+       XXX we should also give a way to write errors to a buffer
+       instead of to stderr.
+
+       XXX if importing 'site' fails, CPython (any version) calls
+       exit().  Should we try to work around this behavior here?
+    */
+    Py_InitializeEx(0);
+}
+
+static int _cffi_initialize_python(void)
+{
+    /* This initializes Python, imports _cffi_backend, and then the
+       present .dll/.so is set up as a CPython C extension module.
+    */
+    int result;
+    PyGILState_STATE state;
+    PyObject *pycode=NULL, *global_dict=NULL, *x;
+    PyObject *builtins;
+
+    state = PyGILState_Ensure();
+
+    /* Call the initxxx() function from the present module.  It will
+       create and initialize us as a CPython extension module, instead
+       of letting the startup Python code do it---it might reimport
+       the same .dll/.so and get maybe confused on some platforms.
+       It might also have troubles locating the .dll/.so again for all
+       I know.
+    */
+    (void)_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC();
+    if (PyErr_Occurred())
+        goto error;
+
+    /* Now run the Python code provided to ffi.embedding_init_code().
+     */
+    pycode = Py_CompileString(_CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE,
+                              "<init code for '" _CFFI_MODULE_NAME "'>",
+                              Py_file_input);
+    if (pycode == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    global_dict = PyDict_New();
+    if (global_dict == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    builtins = PyEval_GetBuiltins();
+    if (builtins == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(global_dict, "__builtins__", builtins) < 0)
+        goto error;
+    x = PyEval_EvalCode(
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+                        (PyCodeObject *)
+#endif
+                        pycode, global_dict, global_dict);
+    if (x == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    Py_DECREF(x);
+
+    /* Done!  Now if we've been called from
+       _cffi_start_and_call_python() in an ``extern "Python"``, we can
+       only hope that the Python code did correctly set up the
+       corresponding @ffi.def_extern() function.  Otherwise, the
+       general logic of ``extern "Python"`` functions (inside the
+       _cffi_backend module) will find that the reference is still
+       missing and print an error.
+     */
+    result = 0;
+ done:
+    Py_XDECREF(pycode);
+    Py_XDECREF(global_dict);
+    PyGILState_Release(state);
+    return result;
+
+ error:;
+    {
+        /* Print as much information as potentially useful.
+           Debugging load-time failures with embedding is not fun
+        */
+        PyObject *ecap;
+        PyObject *exception, *v, *tb, *f, *modules, *mod;
+        PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb);
+        ecap = _cffi_start_error_capture();
+        f = PySys_GetObject((char *)"stderr");
+        if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
+            PyFile_WriteString(
+                "Failed to initialize the Python-CFFI embedding logic:\n\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (exception != NULL) {
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb);
+            PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(exception);
+        Py_XDECREF(v);
+        Py_XDECREF(tb);
+
+        if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
+            PyFile_WriteString("\nFrom: " _CFFI_MODULE_NAME
+                               "\ncompiled with cffi version: 1.17.1"
+                               "\n_cffi_backend module: ", f);
+            modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict();
+            mod = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "_cffi_backend");
+            if (mod == NULL) {
+                PyFile_WriteString("not loaded", f);
+            }
+            else {
+                v = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "__file__");
+                PyFile_WriteObject(v, f, 0);
+                Py_XDECREF(v);
+            }
+            PyFile_WriteString("\nsys.path: ", f);
+            PyFile_WriteObject(PySys_GetObject((char *)"path"), f, 0);
+            PyFile_WriteString("\n\n", f);
+        }
+        _cffi_stop_error_capture(ecap);
+    }
+    result = -1;
+    goto done;
+}
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
+PyAPI_DATA(char *) _PyParser_TokenNames[];  /* from CPython */
+#endif
+
+static int _cffi_carefully_make_gil(void)
+{
+    /* This does the basic initialization of Python.  It can be called
+       completely concurrently from unrelated threads.  It assumes
+       that we don't hold the GIL before (if it exists), and we don't
+       hold it afterwards.
+
+       (What it really does used to be completely different in Python 2
+       and Python 3, with the Python 2 solution avoiding the spin-lock
+       around the Py_InitializeEx() call.  However, after recent changes
+       to CPython 2.7 (issue #358) it no longer works.  So we use the
+       Python 3 solution everywhere.)
+
+       This initializes Python by calling Py_InitializeEx().
+       Important: this must not be called concurrently at all.
+       So we use a global variable as a simple spin lock.  This global
+       variable must be from 'libpythonX.Y.so', not from this
+       cffi-based extension module, because it must be shared from
+       different cffi-based extension modules.
+
+       In Python < 3.8, we choose
+       _PyParser_TokenNames[0] as a completely arbitrary pointer value
+       that is never written to.  The default is to point to the
+       string "ENDMARKER".  We change it temporarily to point to the
+       next character in that string.  (Yes, I know it's REALLY
+       obscure.)
+
+       In Python >= 3.8, this string array is no longer writable, so
+       instead we pick PyCapsuleType.tp_version_tag.  We can't change
+       Python < 3.8 because someone might use a mixture of cffi
+       embedded modules, some of which were compiled before this file
+       changed.
+
+       In Python >= 3.12, this stopped working because that particular
+       tp_version_tag gets modified during interpreter startup.  It's
+       arguably a bad idea before 3.12 too, but again we can't change
+       that because someone might use a mixture of cffi embedded
+       modules, and no-one reported a bug so far.  In Python >= 3.12
+       we go instead for PyCapsuleType.tp_as_buffer, which is supposed
+       to always be NULL.  We write to it temporarily a pointer to
+       a struct full of NULLs, which is semantically the same.
+    */
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+# if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
+    char *volatile *lock = (char *volatile *)_PyParser_TokenNames;
+    char *old_value, *locked_value;
+
+    while (1) {    /* spin loop */
+        old_value = *lock;
+        locked_value = old_value + 1;
+        if (old_value[0] == 'E') {
+            assert(old_value[1] == 'N');
+            if (cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, old_value, locked_value))
+                break;
+        }
+        else {
+            assert(old_value[0] == 'N');
+            /* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
+               hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
+               think: PyEval_InitThreads() should be very fast, and
+               this is only run at start-up anyway. */
+        }
+    }
+# else
+#  if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C0000
+    int volatile *lock = (int volatile *)&PyCapsule_Type.tp_version_tag;
+    int old_value, locked_value = -42;
+    assert(!(PyCapsule_Type.tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG));
+#  else
+    static struct ebp_s { PyBufferProcs buf; int mark; } empty_buffer_procs;
+    empty_buffer_procs.mark = -42;
+    PyBufferProcs *volatile *lock = (PyBufferProcs *volatile *)
+        &PyCapsule_Type.tp_as_buffer;
+    PyBufferProcs *old_value, *locked_value = &empty_buffer_procs.buf;
+#  endif
+
+    while (1) {    /* spin loop */
+        old_value = *lock;
+        if (old_value == 0) {
+            if (cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, old_value, locked_value))
+                break;
+        }
+        else {
+#  if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C0000
+            assert(old_value == locked_value);
+#  else
+            /* The pointer should point to a possibly different
+               empty_buffer_procs from another C extension module */
+            assert(((struct ebp_s *)old_value)->mark == -42);
+#  endif
+            /* should ideally do a spin loop instruction here, but
+               hard to do it portably and doesn't really matter I
+               think: PyEval_InitThreads() should be very fast, and
+               this is only run at start-up anyway. */
+        }
+    }
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    /* call Py_InitializeEx() */
+    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        _cffi_py_initialize();
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03070000
+        PyEval_InitThreads();
+#endif
+        PyEval_SaveThread();  /* release the GIL */
+        /* the returned tstate must be the one that has been stored into the
+           autoTLSkey by _PyGILState_Init() called from Py_Initialize(). */
+    }
+    else {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03070000
+        /* PyEval_InitThreads() is always a no-op from CPython 3.7 */
+        PyGILState_STATE state = PyGILState_Ensure();
+        PyEval_InitThreads();
+        PyGILState_Release(state);
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    /* release the lock */
+    while (!cffi_compare_and_swap(lock, locked_value, old_value))
+        ;
+#endif
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**********  end CPython-specific section  **********/
+
+
+#else
+
+
+/**********  PyPy-specific section  **********/
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC(const void *[]);   /* forward */
+
+static struct _cffi_pypy_init_s {
+    const char *name;
+    void *func;    /* function pointer */
+    const char *code;
+} _cffi_pypy_init = {
+    _CFFI_MODULE_NAME,
+    _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_FUNC,
+    _CFFI_PYTHON_STARTUP_CODE,
+};
+
+extern int pypy_carefully_make_gil(const char *);
+extern int pypy_init_embedded_cffi_module(int, struct _cffi_pypy_init_s *);
+
+static int _cffi_carefully_make_gil(void)
+{
+    return pypy_carefully_make_gil(_CFFI_MODULE_NAME);
+}
+
+static int _cffi_initialize_python(void)
+{
+    return pypy_init_embedded_cffi_module(0xB011, &_cffi_pypy_init);
+}
+
+/**********  end PyPy-specific section  **********/
+
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__attribute__((noinline))
+#endif
+static _cffi_call_python_fnptr _cffi_start_python(void)
+{
+    /* Delicate logic to initialize Python.  This function can be
+       called multiple times concurrently, e.g. when the process calls
+       its first ``extern "Python"`` functions in multiple threads at
+       once.  It can also be called recursively, in which case we must
+       ignore it.  We also have to consider what occurs if several
+       different cffi-based extensions reach this code in parallel
+       threads---it is a different copy of the code, then, and we
+       can't have any shared global variable unless it comes from
+       'libpythonX.Y.so'.
+
+       Idea:
+
+       * _cffi_carefully_make_gil(): "carefully" call
+         PyEval_InitThreads() (possibly with Py_InitializeEx() first).
+
+       * then we use a (local) custom lock to make sure that a call to this
+         cffi-based extension will wait if another call to the *same*
+         extension is running the initialization in another thread.
+         It is reentrant, so that a recursive call will not block, but
+         only one from a different thread.
+
+       * then we grab the GIL and (Python 2) we call Py_InitializeEx().
+         At this point, concurrent calls to Py_InitializeEx() are not
+         possible: we have the GIL.
+
+       * do the rest of the specific initialization, which may
+         temporarily release the GIL but not the custom lock.
+         Only release the custom lock when we are done.
+    */
+    static char called = 0;
+
+    if (_cffi_carefully_make_gil() != 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    _cffi_acquire_reentrant_mutex();
+
+    /* Here the GIL exists, but we don't have it.  We're only protected
+       from concurrency by the reentrant mutex. */
+
+    /* This file only initializes the embedded module once, the first
+       time this is called, even if there are subinterpreters. */
+    if (!called) {
+        called = 1;  /* invoke _cffi_initialize_python() only once,
+                        but don't set '_cffi_call_python' right now,
+                        otherwise concurrent threads won't call
+                        this function at all (we need them to wait) */
+        if (_cffi_initialize_python() == 0) {
+            /* now initialization is finished.  Switch to the fast-path. */
+
+            /* We would like nobody to see the new value of
+               '_cffi_call_python' without also seeing the rest of the
+               data initialized.  However, this is not possible.  But
+               the new value of '_cffi_call_python' is the function
+               'cffi_call_python()' from _cffi_backend.  So:  */
+            cffi_write_barrier();
+            /* ^^^ we put a write barrier here, and a corresponding
+               read barrier at the start of cffi_call_python().  This
+               ensures that after that read barrier, we see everything
+               done here before the write barrier.
+            */
+
+            assert(_cffi_call_python_org != NULL);
+            _cffi_call_python = (_cffi_call_python_fnptr)_cffi_call_python_org;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* initialization failed.  Reset this to NULL, even if it was
+               already set to some other value.  Future calls to
+               _cffi_start_python() are still forced to occur, and will
+               always return NULL from now on. */
+            _cffi_call_python_org = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    _cffi_release_reentrant_mutex();
+
+    return (_cffi_call_python_fnptr)_cffi_call_python_org;
+}
+
+static
+void _cffi_start_and_call_python(struct _cffi_externpy_s *externpy, char *args)
+{
+    _cffi_call_python_fnptr fnptr;
+    int current_err = errno;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    int current_lasterr = GetLastError();
+#endif
+    fnptr = _cffi_start_python();
+    if (fnptr == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "function %s() called, but initialization code "
+                        "failed.  Returning 0.\n", externpy->name);
+        memset(args, 0, externpy->size_of_result);
+    }
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    SetLastError(current_lasterr);
+#endif
+    errno = current_err;
+
+    if (fnptr != NULL)
+        fnptr(externpy, args);
+}
+
+
+/* The cffi_start_python() function makes sure Python is initialized
+   and our cffi module is set up.  It can be called manually from the
+   user C code.  The same effect is obtained automatically from any
+   dll-exported ``extern "Python"`` function.  This function returns
+   -1 if initialization failed, 0 if all is OK.  */
+_CFFI_UNUSED_FN
+static int cffi_start_python(void)
+{
+    if (_cffi_call_python == &_cffi_start_and_call_python) {
+        if (_cffi_start_python() == NULL)
+            return -1;
+    }
+    cffi_read_barrier();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#undef cffi_compare_and_swap
+#undef cffi_write_barrier
+#undef cffi_read_barrier
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/_imp_emulation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+
+try:
+    # this works on Python < 3.12
+    from imp import *
+
+except ImportError:
+    # this is a limited emulation for Python >= 3.12.
+    # Note that this is used only for tests or for the old ffi.verify().
+    # This is copied from the source code of Python 3.11.
+
+    from _imp import (acquire_lock, release_lock,
+                      is_builtin, is_frozen)
+
+    from importlib._bootstrap import _load
+
+    from importlib import machinery
+    import os
+    import sys
+    import tokenize
+
+    SEARCH_ERROR = 0
+    PY_SOURCE = 1
+    PY_COMPILED = 2
+    C_EXTENSION = 3
+    PY_RESOURCE = 4
+    PKG_DIRECTORY = 5
+    C_BUILTIN = 6
+    PY_FROZEN = 7
+    PY_CODERESOURCE = 8
+    IMP_HOOK = 9
+
+    def get_suffixes():
+        extensions = [(s, 'rb', C_EXTENSION)
+                      for s in machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES]
+        source = [(s, 'r', PY_SOURCE) for s in machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES]
+        bytecode = [(s, 'rb', PY_COMPILED) for s in machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES]
+        return extensions + source + bytecode
+
+    def find_module(name, path=None):
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError("'name' must be a str, not {}".format(type(name)))
+        elif not isinstance(path, (type(None), list)):
+            # Backwards-compatibility
+            raise RuntimeError("'path' must be None or a list, "
+                               "not {}".format(type(path)))
+
+        if path is None:
+            if is_builtin(name):
+                return None, None, ('', '', C_BUILTIN)
+            elif is_frozen(name):
+                return None, None, ('', '', PY_FROZEN)
+            else:
+                path = sys.path
+
+        for entry in path:
+            package_directory = os.path.join(entry, name)
+            for suffix in ['.py', machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES[0]]:
+                package_file_name = '__init__' + suffix
+                file_path = os.path.join(package_directory, package_file_name)
+                if os.path.isfile(file_path):
+                    return None, package_directory, ('', '', PKG_DIRECTORY)
+            for suffix, mode, type_ in get_suffixes():
+                file_name = name + suffix
+                file_path = os.path.join(entry, file_name)
+                if os.path.isfile(file_path):
+                    break
+            else:
+                continue
+            break  # Break out of outer loop when breaking out of inner loop.
+        else:
+            raise ImportError(name, name=name)
+
+        encoding = None
+        if 'b' not in mode:
+            with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
+                encoding = tokenize.detect_encoding(file.readline)[0]
+        file = open(file_path, mode, encoding=encoding)
+        return file, file_path, (suffix, mode, type_)
+
+    def load_dynamic(name, path, file=None):
+        loader = machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(name, path)
+        spec = machinery.ModuleSpec(name=name, loader=loader, origin=path)
+        return _load(spec)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/_shimmed_dist_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""
+Temporary shim module to indirect the bits of distutils we need from setuptools/distutils while providing useful
+error messages beyond `No module named 'distutils' on Python >= 3.12, or when setuptools' vendored distutils is broken.
+
+This is a compromise to avoid a hard-dep on setuptools for Python >= 3.12, since many users don't need runtime compilation support from CFFI.
+"""
+import sys
+
+try:
+    # import setuptools first; this is the most robust way to ensure its embedded distutils is available
+    # (the .pth shim should usually work, but this is even more robust)
+    import setuptools
+except Exception as ex:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # Python 3.12 has no built-in distutils to fall back on, so any import problem is fatal
+        raise Exception("This CFFI feature requires setuptools on Python >= 3.12. The setuptools module is missing or non-functional.") from ex
+
+    # silently ignore on older Pythons (support fallback to stdlib distutils where available)
+else:
+    del setuptools
+
+try:
+    # bring in just the bits of distutils we need, whether they really came from setuptools or stdlib-embedded distutils
+    from distutils import log, sysconfig
+    from distutils.ccompiler import CCompiler
+    from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext
+    from distutils.core import Distribution, Extension
+    from distutils.dir_util import mkpath
+    from distutils.errors import DistutilsSetupError, CompileError, LinkError
+    from distutils.log import set_threshold, set_verbosity
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        try:
+            # FUTURE: msvc9compiler module was removed in setuptools 74; consider removing, as it's only used by an ancient patch in `recompiler`
+            from distutils.msvc9compiler import MSVCCompiler
+        except ImportError:
+            MSVCCompiler = None
+except Exception as ex:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        raise Exception("This CFFI feature requires setuptools on Python >= 3.12. Please install the setuptools package.") from ex
+
+    # anything older, just let the underlying distutils import error fly
+    raise Exception("This CFFI feature requires distutils. Please install the distutils or setuptools package.") from ex
+
+del sys

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+import sys, types
+from .lock import allocate_lock
+from .error import CDefError
+from . import model
+
+try:
+    callable
+except NameError:
+    # Python 3.1
+    from collections import Callable
+    callable = lambda x: isinstance(x, Callable)
+
+try:
+    basestring
+except NameError:
+    # Python 3.x
+    basestring = str
+
+_unspecified = object()
+
+
+
+class FFI(object):
+    r'''
+    The main top-level class that you instantiate once, or once per module.
+
+    Example usage:
+
+        ffi = FFI()
+        ffi.cdef("""
+            int printf(const char *, ...);
+        """)
+
+        C = ffi.dlopen(None)   # standard library
+        -or-
+        C = ffi.verify()  # use a C compiler: verify the decl above is right
+
+        C.printf("hello, %s!\n", ffi.new("char[]", "world"))
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, backend=None):
+        """Create an FFI instance.  The 'backend' argument is used to
+        select a non-default backend, mostly for tests.
+        """
+        if backend is None:
+            # You need PyPy (>= 2.0 beta), or a CPython (>= 2.6) with
+            # _cffi_backend.so compiled.
+            import _cffi_backend as backend
+            from . import __version__
+            if backend.__version__ != __version__:
+                # bad version!  Try to be as explicit as possible.
+                if hasattr(backend, '__file__'):
+                    # CPython
+                    raise Exception("Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version %s, located in %r.  When we import the top-level '_cffi_backend' extension module, we get version %s, located in %r.  The two versions should be equal; check your installation." % (
+                        __version__, __file__,
+                        backend.__version__, backend.__file__))
+                else:
+                    # PyPy
+                    raise Exception("Version mismatch: this is the 'cffi' package version %s, located in %r.  This interpreter comes with a built-in '_cffi_backend' module, which is version %s.  The two versions should be equal; check your installation." % (
+                        __version__, __file__, backend.__version__))
+            # (If you insist you can also try to pass the option
+            # 'backend=backend_ctypes.CTypesBackend()', but don't
+            # rely on it!  It's probably not going to work well.)
+
+        from . import cparser
+        self._backend = backend
+        self._lock = allocate_lock()
+        self._parser = cparser.Parser()
+        self._cached_btypes = {}
+        self._parsed_types = types.ModuleType('parsed_types').__dict__
+        self._new_types = types.ModuleType('new_types').__dict__
+        self._function_caches = []
+        self._libraries = []
+        self._cdefsources = []
+        self._included_ffis = []
+        self._windows_unicode = None
+        self._init_once_cache = {}
+        self._cdef_version = None
+        self._embedding = None
+        self._typecache = model.get_typecache(backend)
+        if hasattr(backend, 'set_ffi'):
+            backend.set_ffi(self)
+        for name in list(backend.__dict__):
+            if name.startswith('RTLD_'):
+                setattr(self, name, getattr(backend, name))
+        #
+        with self._lock:
+            self.BVoidP = self._get_cached_btype(model.voidp_type)
+            self.BCharA = self._get_cached_btype(model.char_array_type)
+        if isinstance(backend, types.ModuleType):
+            # _cffi_backend: attach these constants to the class
+            if not hasattr(FFI, 'NULL'):
+                FFI.NULL = self.cast(self.BVoidP, 0)
+                FFI.CData, FFI.CType = backend._get_types()
+        else:
+            # ctypes backend: attach these constants to the instance
+            self.NULL = self.cast(self.BVoidP, 0)
+            self.CData, self.CType = backend._get_types()
+        self.buffer = backend.buffer
+
+    def cdef(self, csource, override=False, packed=False, pack=None):
+        """Parse the given C source.  This registers all declared functions,
+        types, and global variables.  The functions and global variables can
+        then be accessed via either 'ffi.dlopen()' or 'ffi.verify()'.
+        The types can be used in 'ffi.new()' and other functions.
+        If 'packed' is specified as True, all structs declared inside this
+        cdef are packed, i.e. laid out without any field alignment at all.
+        Alternatively, 'pack' can be a small integer, and requests for
+        alignment greater than that are ignored (pack=1 is equivalent to
+        packed=True).
+        """
+        self._cdef(csource, override=override, packed=packed, pack=pack)
+
+    def embedding_api(self, csource, packed=False, pack=None):
+        self._cdef(csource, packed=packed, pack=pack, dllexport=True)
+        if self._embedding is None:
+            self._embedding = ''
+
+    def _cdef(self, csource, override=False, **options):
+        if not isinstance(csource, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+            if not isinstance(csource, basestring):
+                raise TypeError("cdef() argument must be a string")
+            csource = csource.encode('ascii')
+        with self._lock:
+            self._cdef_version = object()
+            self._parser.parse(csource, override=override, **options)
+            self._cdefsources.append(csource)
+            if override:
+                for cache in self._function_caches:
+                    cache.clear()
+            finishlist = self._parser._recomplete
+            if finishlist:
+                self._parser._recomplete = []
+                for tp in finishlist:
+                    tp.finish_backend_type(self, finishlist)
+
+    def dlopen(self, name, flags=0):
+        """Load and return a dynamic library identified by 'name'.
+        The standard C library can be loaded by passing None.
+        Note that functions and types declared by 'ffi.cdef()' are not
+        linked to a particular library, just like C headers; in the
+        library we only look for the actual (untyped) symbols.
+        """
+        if not (isinstance(name, basestring) or
+                name is None or
+                isinstance(name, self.CData)):
+            raise TypeError("dlopen(name): name must be a file name, None, "
+                            "or an already-opened 'void *' handle")
+        with self._lock:
+            lib, function_cache = _make_ffi_library(self, name, flags)
+            self._function_caches.append(function_cache)
+            self._libraries.append(lib)
+        return lib
+
+    def dlclose(self, lib):
+        """Close a library obtained with ffi.dlopen().  After this call,
+        access to functions or variables from the library will fail
+        (possibly with a segmentation fault).
+        """
+        type(lib).__cffi_close__(lib)
+
+    def _typeof_locked(self, cdecl):
+        # call me with the lock!
+        key = cdecl
+        if key in self._parsed_types:
+            return self._parsed_types[key]
+        #
+        if not isinstance(cdecl, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+            cdecl = cdecl.encode('ascii')
+        #
+        type = self._parser.parse_type(cdecl)
+        really_a_function_type = type.is_raw_function
+        if really_a_function_type:
+            type = type.as_function_pointer()
+        btype = self._get_cached_btype(type)
+        result = btype, really_a_function_type
+        self._parsed_types[key] = result
+        return result
+
+    def _typeof(self, cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=False):
+        # string -> ctype object
+        try:
+            result = self._parsed_types[cdecl]
+        except KeyError:
+            with self._lock:
+                result = self._typeof_locked(cdecl)
+        #
+        btype, really_a_function_type = result
+        if really_a_function_type and not consider_function_as_funcptr:
+            raise CDefError("the type %r is a function type, not a "
+                            "pointer-to-function type" % (cdecl,))
+        return btype
+
+    def typeof(self, cdecl):
+        """Parse the C type given as a string and return the
+        corresponding <ctype> object.
+        It can also be used on 'cdata' instance to get its C type.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            return self._typeof(cdecl)
+        if isinstance(cdecl, self.CData):
+            return self._backend.typeof(cdecl)
+        if isinstance(cdecl, types.BuiltinFunctionType):
+            res = _builtin_function_type(cdecl)
+            if res is not None:
+                return res
+        if (isinstance(cdecl, types.FunctionType)
+                and hasattr(cdecl, '_cffi_base_type')):
+            with self._lock:
+                return self._get_cached_btype(cdecl._cffi_base_type)
+        raise TypeError(type(cdecl))
+
+    def sizeof(self, cdecl):
+        """Return the size in bytes of the argument.  It can be a
+        string naming a C type, or a 'cdata' instance.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            BType = self._typeof(cdecl)
+            return self._backend.sizeof(BType)
+        else:
+            return self._backend.sizeof(cdecl)
+
+    def alignof(self, cdecl):
+        """Return the natural alignment size in bytes of the C type
+        given as a string.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.alignof(cdecl)
+
+    def offsetof(self, cdecl, *fields_or_indexes):
+        """Return the offset of the named field inside the given
+        structure or array, which must be given as a C type name.
+        You can give several field names in case of nested structures.
+        You can also give numeric values which correspond to array
+        items, in case of an array type.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._typeoffsetof(cdecl, *fields_or_indexes)[1]
+
+    def new(self, cdecl, init=None):
+        """Allocate an instance according to the specified C type and
+        return a pointer to it.  The specified C type must be either a
+        pointer or an array: ``new('X *')`` allocates an X and returns
+        a pointer to it, whereas ``new('X[n]')`` allocates an array of
+        n X'es and returns an array referencing it (which works
+        mostly like a pointer, like in C).  You can also use
+        ``new('X[]', n)`` to allocate an array of a non-constant
+        length n.
+
+        The memory is initialized following the rules of declaring a
+        global variable in C: by default it is zero-initialized, but
+        an explicit initializer can be given which can be used to
+        fill all or part of the memory.
+
+        When the returned <cdata> object goes out of scope, the memory
+        is freed.  In other words the returned <cdata> object has
+        ownership of the value of type 'cdecl' that it points to.  This
+        means that the raw data can be used as long as this object is
+        kept alive, but must not be used for a longer time.  Be careful
+        about that when copying the pointer to the memory somewhere
+        else, e.g. into another structure.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.newp(cdecl, init)
+
+    def new_allocator(self, alloc=None, free=None,
+                      should_clear_after_alloc=True):
+        """Return a new allocator, i.e. a function that behaves like ffi.new()
+        but uses the provided low-level 'alloc' and 'free' functions.
+
+        'alloc' is called with the size as argument.  If it returns NULL, a
+        MemoryError is raised.  'free' is called with the result of 'alloc'
+        as argument.  Both can be either Python function or directly C
+        functions.  If 'free' is None, then no free function is called.
+        If both 'alloc' and 'free' are None, the default is used.
+
+        If 'should_clear_after_alloc' is set to False, then the memory
+        returned by 'alloc' is assumed to be already cleared (or you are
+        fine with garbage); otherwise CFFI will clear it.
+        """
+        compiled_ffi = self._backend.FFI()
+        allocator = compiled_ffi.new_allocator(alloc, free,
+                                               should_clear_after_alloc)
+        def allocate(cdecl, init=None):
+            if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+                cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+            return allocator(cdecl, init)
+        return allocate
+
+    def cast(self, cdecl, source):
+        """Similar to a C cast: returns an instance of the named C
+        type initialized with the given 'source'.  The source is
+        casted between integers or pointers of any type.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.cast(cdecl, source)
+
+    def string(self, cdata, maxlen=-1):
+        """Return a Python string (or unicode string) from the 'cdata'.
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer or array of characters or bytes, returns
+        the null-terminated string.  The returned string extends until
+        the first null character, or at most 'maxlen' characters.  If
+        'cdata' is an array then 'maxlen' defaults to its length.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer or array of wchar_t, returns a unicode
+        string following the same rules.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a single character or byte or a wchar_t, returns
+        it as a string or unicode string.
+
+        If 'cdata' is an enum, returns the value of the enumerator as a
+        string, or 'NUMBER' if the value is out of range.
+        """
+        return self._backend.string(cdata, maxlen)
+
+    def unpack(self, cdata, length):
+        """Unpack an array of C data of the given length,
+        returning a Python string/unicode/list.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer to 'char', returns a byte string.
+        It does not stop at the first null.  This is equivalent to:
+        ffi.buffer(cdata, length)[:]
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer to 'wchar_t', returns a unicode string.
+        'length' is measured in wchar_t's; it is not the size in bytes.
+
+        If 'cdata' is a pointer to anything else, returns a list of
+        'length' items.  This is a faster equivalent to:
+        [cdata[i] for i in range(length)]
+        """
+        return self._backend.unpack(cdata, length)
+
+   #def buffer(self, cdata, size=-1):
+   #    """Return a read-write buffer object that references the raw C data
+   #    pointed to by the given 'cdata'.  The 'cdata' must be a pointer or
+   #    an array.  Can be passed to functions expecting a buffer, or directly
+   #    manipulated with:
+   #
+   #        buf[:]          get a copy of it in a regular string, or
+   #        buf[idx]        as a single character
+   #        buf[:] = ...
+   #        buf[idx] = ...  change the content
+   #    """
+   #    note that 'buffer' is a type, set on this instance by __init__
+
+    def from_buffer(self, cdecl, python_buffer=_unspecified,
+                    require_writable=False):
+        """Return a cdata of the given type pointing to the data of the
+        given Python object, which must support the buffer interface.
+        Note that this is not meant to be used on the built-in types
+        str or unicode (you can build 'char[]' arrays explicitly)
+        but only on objects containing large quantities of raw data
+        in some other format, like 'array.array' or numpy arrays.
+
+        The first argument is optional and default to 'char[]'.
+        """
+        if python_buffer is _unspecified:
+            cdecl, python_buffer = self.BCharA, cdecl
+        elif isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        return self._backend.from_buffer(cdecl, python_buffer,
+                                         require_writable)
+
+    def memmove(self, dest, src, n):
+        """ffi.memmove(dest, src, n) copies n bytes of memory from src to dest.
+
+        Like the C function memmove(), the memory areas may overlap;
+        apart from that it behaves like the C function memcpy().
+
+        'src' can be any cdata ptr or array, or any Python buffer object.
+        'dest' can be any cdata ptr or array, or a writable Python buffer
+        object.  The size to copy, 'n', is always measured in bytes.
+
+        Unlike other methods, this one supports all Python buffer including
+        byte strings and bytearrays---but it still does not support
+        non-contiguous buffers.
+        """
+        return self._backend.memmove(dest, src, n)
+
+    def callback(self, cdecl, python_callable=None, error=None, onerror=None):
+        """Return a callback object or a decorator making such a
+        callback object.  'cdecl' must name a C function pointer type.
+        The callback invokes the specified 'python_callable' (which may
+        be provided either directly or via a decorator).  Important: the
+        callback object must be manually kept alive for as long as the
+        callback may be invoked from the C level.
+        """
+        def callback_decorator_wrap(python_callable):
+            if not callable(python_callable):
+                raise TypeError("the 'python_callable' argument "
+                                "is not callable")
+            return self._backend.callback(cdecl, python_callable,
+                                          error, onerror)
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=True)
+        if python_callable is None:
+            return callback_decorator_wrap                # decorator mode
+        else:
+            return callback_decorator_wrap(python_callable)  # direct mode
+
+    def getctype(self, cdecl, replace_with=''):
+        """Return a string giving the C type 'cdecl', which may be itself
+        a string or a <ctype> object.  If 'replace_with' is given, it gives
+        extra text to append (or insert for more complicated C types), like
+        a variable name, or '*' to get actually the C type 'pointer-to-cdecl'.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
+            cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl)
+        replace_with = replace_with.strip()
+        if (replace_with.startswith('*')
+                and '&[' in self._backend.getcname(cdecl, '&')):
+            replace_with = '(%s)' % replace_with
+        elif replace_with and not replace_with[0] in '[(':
+            replace_with = ' ' + replace_with
+        return self._backend.getcname(cdecl, replace_with)
+
+    def gc(self, cdata, destructor, size=0):
+        """Return a new cdata object that points to the same
+        data.  Later, when this new cdata object is garbage-collected,
+        'destructor(old_cdata_object)' will be called.
+
+        The optional 'size' gives an estimate of the size, used to
+        trigger the garbage collection more eagerly.  So far only used
+        on PyPy.  It tells the GC that the returned object keeps alive
+        roughly 'size' bytes of external memory.
+        """
+        return self._backend.gcp(cdata, destructor, size)
+
+    def _get_cached_btype(self, type):
+        assert self._lock.acquire(False) is False
+        # call me with the lock!
+        try:
+            BType = self._cached_btypes[type]
+        except KeyError:
+            finishlist = []
+            BType = type.get_cached_btype(self, finishlist)
+            for type in finishlist:
+                type.finish_backend_type(self, finishlist)
+        return BType
+
+    def verify(self, source='', tmpdir=None, **kwargs):
+        """Verify that the current ffi signatures compile on this
+        machine, and return a dynamic library object.  The dynamic
+        library can be used to call functions and access global
+        variables declared in this 'ffi'.  The library is compiled
+        by the C compiler: it gives you C-level API compatibility
+        (including calling macros).  This is unlike 'ffi.dlopen()',
+        which requires binary compatibility in the signatures.
+        """
+        from .verifier import Verifier, _caller_dir_pycache
+        #
+        # If set_unicode(True) was called, insert the UNICODE and
+        # _UNICODE macro declarations
+        if self._windows_unicode:
+            self._apply_windows_unicode(kwargs)
+        #
+        # Set the tmpdir here, and not in Verifier.__init__: it picks
+        # up the caller's directory, which we want to be the caller of
+        # ffi.verify(), as opposed to the caller of Veritier().
+        tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
+        #
+        # Make a Verifier() and use it to load the library.
+        self.verifier = Verifier(self, source, tmpdir, **kwargs)
+        lib = self.verifier.load_library()
+        #
+        # Save the loaded library for keep-alive purposes, even
+        # if the caller doesn't keep it alive itself (it should).
+        self._libraries.append(lib)
+        return lib
+
+    def _get_errno(self):
+        return self._backend.get_errno()
+    def _set_errno(self, errno):
+        self._backend.set_errno(errno)
+    errno = property(_get_errno, _set_errno, None,
+                     "the value of 'errno' from/to the C calls")
+
+    def getwinerror(self, code=-1):
+        return self._backend.getwinerror(code)
+
+    def _pointer_to(self, ctype):
+        with self._lock:
+            return model.pointer_cache(self, ctype)
+
+    def addressof(self, cdata, *fields_or_indexes):
+        """Return the address of a <cdata 'struct-or-union'>.
+        If 'fields_or_indexes' are given, returns the address of that
+        field or array item in the structure or array, recursively in
+        case of nested structures.
+        """
+        try:
+            ctype = self._backend.typeof(cdata)
+        except TypeError:
+            if '__addressof__' in type(cdata).__dict__:
+                return type(cdata).__addressof__(cdata, *fields_or_indexes)
+            raise
+        if fields_or_indexes:
+            ctype, offset = self._typeoffsetof(ctype, *fields_or_indexes)
+        else:
+            if ctype.kind == "pointer":
+                raise TypeError("addressof(pointer)")
+            offset = 0
+        ctypeptr = self._pointer_to(ctype)
+        return self._backend.rawaddressof(ctypeptr, cdata, offset)
+
+    def _typeoffsetof(self, ctype, field_or_index, *fields_or_indexes):
+        ctype, offset = self._backend.typeoffsetof(ctype, field_or_index)
+        for field1 in fields_or_indexes:
+            ctype, offset1 = self._backend.typeoffsetof(ctype, field1, 1)
+            offset += offset1
+        return ctype, offset
+
+    def include(self, ffi_to_include):
+        """Includes the typedefs, structs, unions and enums defined
+        in another FFI instance.  Usage is similar to a #include in C,
+        where a part of the program might include types defined in
+        another part for its own usage.  Note that the include()
+        method has no effect on functions, constants and global
+        variables, which must anyway be accessed directly from the
+        lib object returned by the original FFI instance.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(ffi_to_include, FFI):
+            raise TypeError("ffi.include() expects an argument that is also of"
+                            " type cffi.FFI, not %r" % (
+                                type(ffi_to_include).__name__,))
+        if ffi_to_include is self:
+            raise ValueError("self.include(self)")
+        with ffi_to_include._lock:
+            with self._lock:
+                self._parser.include(ffi_to_include._parser)
+                self._cdefsources.append('[')
+                self._cdefsources.extend(ffi_to_include._cdefsources)
+                self._cdefsources.append(']')
+                self._included_ffis.append(ffi_to_include)
+
+    def new_handle(self, x):
+        return self._backend.newp_handle(self.BVoidP, x)
+
+    def from_handle(self, x):
+        return self._backend.from_handle(x)
+
+    def release(self, x):
+        self._backend.release(x)
+
+    def set_unicode(self, enabled_flag):
+        """Windows: if 'enabled_flag' is True, enable the UNICODE and
+        _UNICODE defines in C, and declare the types like TCHAR and LPTCSTR
+        to be (pointers to) wchar_t.  If 'enabled_flag' is False,
+        declare these types to be (pointers to) plain 8-bit characters.
+        This is mostly for backward compatibility; you usually want True.
+        """
+        if self._windows_unicode is not None:
+            raise ValueError("set_unicode() can only be called once")
+        enabled_flag = bool(enabled_flag)
+        if enabled_flag:
+            self.cdef("typedef wchar_t TBYTE;"
+                      "typedef wchar_t TCHAR;"
+                      "typedef const wchar_t *LPCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef const wchar_t *PCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef wchar_t *LPTSTR;"
+                      "typedef wchar_t *PTSTR;"
+                      "typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;"
+                      "typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;")
+        else:
+            self.cdef("typedef char TBYTE;"
+                      "typedef char TCHAR;"
+                      "typedef const char *LPCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef const char *PCTSTR;"
+                      "typedef char *LPTSTR;"
+                      "typedef char *PTSTR;"
+                      "typedef TBYTE *PTBYTE;"
+                      "typedef TCHAR *PTCHAR;")
+        self._windows_unicode = enabled_flag
+
+    def _apply_windows_unicode(self, kwds):
+        defmacros = kwds.get('define_macros', ())
+        if not isinstance(defmacros, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("'define_macros' must be a list or tuple")
+        defmacros = list(defmacros) + [('UNICODE', '1'),
+                                       ('_UNICODE', '1')]
+        kwds['define_macros'] = defmacros
+
+    def _apply_embedding_fix(self, kwds):
+        # must include an argument like "-lpython2.7" for the compiler
+        def ensure(key, value):
+            lst = kwds.setdefault(key, [])
+            if value not in lst:
+                lst.append(value)
+        #
+        if '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names:
+            import os
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                # we need 'libpypy-c.lib'.  Current distributions of
+                # pypy (>= 4.1) contain it as 'libs/python27.lib'.
+                pythonlib = "python{0[0]}{0[1]}".format(sys.version_info)
+                if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
+                    ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'libs'))
+            else:
+                # we need 'libpypy-c.{so,dylib}', which should be by
+                # default located in 'sys.prefix/bin' for installed
+                # systems.
+                if sys.version_info < (3,):
+                    pythonlib = "pypy-c"
+                else:
+                    pythonlib = "pypy3-c"
+                if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
+                    ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin'))
+            # On uninstalled pypy's, the libpypy-c is typically found in
+            # .../pypy/goal/.
+            if hasattr(sys, 'prefix'):
+                ensure('library_dirs', os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'pypy', 'goal'))
+        else:
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                template = "python%d%d"
+                if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
+                    template += '_d'
+            else:
+                try:
+                    import sysconfig
+                except ImportError:    # 2.6
+                    from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import sysconfig
+                template = "python%d.%d"
+                if sysconfig.get_config_var('DEBUG_EXT'):
+                    template += sysconfig.get_config_var('DEBUG_EXT')
+            pythonlib = (template %
+                    (sys.hexversion >> 24, (sys.hexversion >> 16) & 0xff))
+            if hasattr(sys, 'abiflags'):
+                pythonlib += sys.abiflags
+        ensure('libraries', pythonlib)
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            ensure('extra_link_args', '/MANIFEST')
+
+    def set_source(self, module_name, source, source_extension='.c', **kwds):
+        import os
+        if hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() cannot be called several times "
+                             "per ffi object")
+        if not isinstance(module_name, basestring):
+            raise TypeError("'module_name' must be a string")
+        if os.sep in module_name or (os.altsep and os.altsep in module_name):
+            raise ValueError("'module_name' must not contain '/': use a dotted "
+                             "name to make a 'package.module' location")
+        self._assigned_source = (str(module_name), source,
+                                 source_extension, kwds)
+
+    def set_source_pkgconfig(self, module_name, pkgconfig_libs, source,
+                             source_extension='.c', **kwds):
+        from . import pkgconfig
+        if not isinstance(pkgconfig_libs, list):
+            raise TypeError("the pkgconfig_libs argument must be a list "
+                            "of package names")
+        kwds2 = pkgconfig.flags_from_pkgconfig(pkgconfig_libs)
+        pkgconfig.merge_flags(kwds, kwds2)
+        self.set_source(module_name, source, source_extension, **kwds)
+
+    def distutils_extension(self, tmpdir='build', verbose=True):
+        from cffi._shimmed_dist_utils import mkpath
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            if hasattr(self, 'verifier'):     # fallback, 'tmpdir' ignored
+                return self.verifier.get_extension()
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before"
+                             " distutils_extension()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        if source is None:
+            raise TypeError("distutils_extension() is only for C extension "
+                            "modules, not for dlopen()-style pure Python "
+                            "modules")
+        mkpath(tmpdir)
+        ext, updated = recompile(self, module_name,
+                                 source, tmpdir=tmpdir, extradir=tmpdir,
+                                 source_extension=source_extension,
+                                 call_c_compiler=False, **kwds)
+        if verbose:
+            if updated:
+                sys.stderr.write("regenerated: %r\n" % (ext.sources[0],))
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write("not modified: %r\n" % (ext.sources[0],))
+        return ext
+
+    def emit_c_code(self, filename):
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before emit_c_code()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        if source is None:
+            raise TypeError("emit_c_code() is only for C extension modules, "
+                            "not for dlopen()-style pure Python modules")
+        recompile(self, module_name, source,
+                  c_file=filename, call_c_compiler=False,
+                  uses_ffiplatform=False, **kwds)
+
+    def emit_python_code(self, filename):
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before emit_c_code()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        if source is not None:
+            raise TypeError("emit_python_code() is only for dlopen()-style "
+                            "pure Python modules, not for C extension modules")
+        recompile(self, module_name, source,
+                  c_file=filename, call_c_compiler=False,
+                  uses_ffiplatform=False, **kwds)
+
+    def compile(self, tmpdir='.', verbose=0, target=None, debug=None):
+        """The 'target' argument gives the final file name of the
+        compiled DLL.  Use '*' to force distutils' choice, suitable for
+        regular CPython C API modules.  Use a file name ending in '.*'
+        to ask for the system's default extension for dynamic libraries
+        (.so/.dll/.dylib).
+
+        The default is '*' when building a non-embedded C API extension,
+        and (module_name + '.*') when building an embedded library.
+        """
+        from .recompiler import recompile
+        #
+        if not hasattr(self, '_assigned_source'):
+            raise ValueError("set_source() must be called before compile()")
+        module_name, source, source_extension, kwds = self._assigned_source
+        return recompile(self, module_name, source, tmpdir=tmpdir,
+                         target=target, source_extension=source_extension,
+                         compiler_verbose=verbose, debug=debug, **kwds)
+
+    def init_once(self, func, tag):
+        # Read _init_once_cache[tag], which is either (False, lock) if
+        # we're calling the function now in some thread, or (True, result).
+        # Don't call setdefault() in most cases, to avoid allocating and
+        # immediately freeing a lock; but still use setdefaut() to avoid
+        # races.
+        try:
+            x = self._init_once_cache[tag]
+        except KeyError:
+            x = self._init_once_cache.setdefault(tag, (False, allocate_lock()))
+        # Common case: we got (True, result), so we return the result.
+        if x[0]:
+            return x[1]
+        # Else, it's a lock.  Acquire it to serialize the following tests.
+        with x[1]:
+            # Read again from _init_once_cache the current status.
+            x = self._init_once_cache[tag]
+            if x[0]:
+                return x[1]
+            # Call the function and store the result back.
+            result = func()
+            self._init_once_cache[tag] = (True, result)
+        return result
+
+    def embedding_init_code(self, pysource):
+        if self._embedding:
+            raise ValueError("embedding_init_code() can only be called once")
+        # fix 'pysource' before it gets dumped into the C file:
+        # - remove empty lines at the beginning, so it starts at "line 1"
+        # - dedent, if all non-empty lines are indented
+        # - check for SyntaxErrors
+        import re
+        match = re.match(r'\s*\n', pysource)
+        if match:
+            pysource = pysource[match.end():]
+        lines = pysource.splitlines() or ['']
+        prefix = re.match(r'\s*', lines[0]).group()
+        for i in range(1, len(lines)):
+            line = lines[i]
+            if line.rstrip():
+                while not line.startswith(prefix):
+                    prefix = prefix[:-1]
+        i = len(prefix)
+        lines = [line[i:]+'\n' for line in lines]
+        pysource = ''.join(lines)
+        #
+        compile(pysource, "cffi_init", "exec")
+        #
+        self._embedding = pysource
+
+    def def_extern(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise ValueError("ffi.def_extern() is only available on API-mode FFI "
+                         "objects")
+
+    def list_types(self):
+        """Returns the user type names known to this FFI instance.
+        This returns a tuple containing three lists of names:
+        (typedef_names, names_of_structs, names_of_unions)
+        """
+        typedefs = []
+        structs = []
+        unions = []
+        for key in self._parser._declarations:
+            if key.startswith('typedef '):
+                typedefs.append(key[8:])
+            elif key.startswith('struct '):
+                structs.append(key[7:])
+            elif key.startswith('union '):
+                unions.append(key[6:])
+        typedefs.sort()
+        structs.sort()
+        unions.sort()
+        return (typedefs, structs, unions)
+
+
+def _load_backend_lib(backend, name, flags):
+    import os
+    if not isinstance(name, basestring):
+        if sys.platform != "win32" or name is not None:
+            return backend.load_library(name, flags)
+        name = "c"    # Windows: load_library(None) fails, but this works
+                      # on Python 2 (backward compatibility hack only)
+    first_error = None
+    if '.' in name or '/' in name or os.sep in name:
+        try:
+            return backend.load_library(name, flags)
+        except OSError as e:
+            first_error = e
+    import ctypes.util
+    path = ctypes.util.find_library(name)
+    if path is None:
+        if name == "c" and sys.platform == "win32" and sys.version_info >= (3,):
+            raise OSError("dlopen(None) cannot work on Windows for Python 3 "
+                          "(see http://bugs.python.org/issue23606)")
+        msg = ("ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage "
+               "to locate a library called %r" % (name,))
+        if first_error is not None:
+            msg = "%s.  Additionally, %s" % (first_error, msg)
+        raise OSError(msg)
+    return backend.load_library(path, flags)
+
+def _make_ffi_library(ffi, libname, flags):
+    backend = ffi._backend
+    backendlib = _load_backend_lib(backend, libname, flags)
+    #
+    def accessor_function(name):
+        key = 'function ' + name
+        tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
+        BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+        value = backendlib.load_function(BType, name)
+        library.__dict__[name] = value
+    #
+    def accessor_variable(name):
+        key = 'variable ' + name
+        tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
+        BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+        read_variable = backendlib.read_variable
+        write_variable = backendlib.write_variable
+        setattr(FFILibrary, name, property(
+            lambda self: read_variable(BType, name),
+            lambda self, value: write_variable(BType, name, value)))
+    #
+    def addressof_var(name):
+        try:
+            return addr_variables[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            with ffi._lock:
+                if name not in addr_variables:
+                    key = 'variable ' + name
+                    tp, _ = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
+                    BType = ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+                    if BType.kind != 'array':
+                        BType = model.pointer_cache(ffi, BType)
+                    p = backendlib.load_function(BType, name)
+                    addr_variables[name] = p
+            return addr_variables[name]
+    #
+    def accessor_constant(name):
+        raise NotImplementedError("non-integer constant '%s' cannot be "
+                                  "accessed from a dlopen() library" % (name,))
+    #
+    def accessor_int_constant(name):
+        library.__dict__[name] = ffi._parser._int_constants[name]
+    #
+    accessors = {}
+    accessors_version = [False]
+    addr_variables = {}
+    #
+    def update_accessors():
+        if accessors_version[0] is ffi._cdef_version:
+            return
+        #
+        for key, (tp, _) in ffi._parser._declarations.items():
+            if not isinstance(tp, model.EnumType):
+                tag, name = key.split(' ', 1)
+                if tag == 'function':
+                    accessors[name] = accessor_function
+                elif tag == 'variable':
+                    accessors[name] = accessor_variable
+                elif tag == 'constant':
+                    accessors[name] = accessor_constant
+            else:
+                for i, enumname in enumerate(tp.enumerators):
+                    def accessor_enum(name, tp=tp, i=i):
+                        tp.check_not_partial()
+                        library.__dict__[name] = tp.enumvalues[i]
+                    accessors[enumname] = accessor_enum
+        for name in ffi._parser._int_constants:
+            accessors.setdefault(name, accessor_int_constant)
+        accessors_version[0] = ffi._cdef_version
+    #
+    def make_accessor(name):
+        with ffi._lock:
+            if name in library.__dict__ or name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return    # added by another thread while waiting for the lock
+            if name not in accessors:
+                update_accessors()
+                if name not in accessors:
+                    raise AttributeError(name)
+            accessors[name](name)
+    #
+    class FFILibrary(object):
+        def __getattr__(self, name):
+            make_accessor(name)
+            return getattr(self, name)
+        def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+            try:
+                property = getattr(self.__class__, name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                make_accessor(name)
+                setattr(self, name, value)
+            else:
+                property.__set__(self, value)
+        def __dir__(self):
+            with ffi._lock:
+                update_accessors()
+                return accessors.keys()
+        def __addressof__(self, name):
+            if name in library.__dict__:
+                return library.__dict__[name]
+            if name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return addressof_var(name)
+            make_accessor(name)
+            if name in library.__dict__:
+                return library.__dict__[name]
+            if name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return addressof_var(name)
+            raise AttributeError("cffi library has no function or "
+                                 "global variable named '%s'" % (name,))
+        def __cffi_close__(self):
+            backendlib.close_lib()
+            self.__dict__.clear()
+    #
+    if isinstance(libname, basestring):
+        try:
+            if not isinstance(libname, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+                libname = libname.encode('utf-8')
+            FFILibrary.__name__ = 'FFILibrary_%s' % libname
+        except UnicodeError:
+            pass
+    library = FFILibrary()
+    return library, library.__dict__
+
+def _builtin_function_type(func):
+    # a hack to make at least ffi.typeof(builtin_function) work,
+    # if the builtin function was obtained by 'vengine_cpy'.
+    import sys
+    try:
+        module = sys.modules[func.__module__]
+        ffi = module._cffi_original_ffi
+        types_of_builtin_funcs = module._cffi_types_of_builtin_funcs
+        tp = types_of_builtin_funcs[func]
+    except (KeyError, AttributeError, TypeError):
+        return None
+    else:
+        with ffi._lock:
+            return ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cffi/cffi_opcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from .error import VerificationError
+
+class CffiOp(object):
+    def __init__(self, op, arg):
+        self.op = op
+        self.arg = arg
+
+    def as_c_expr(self):
+        if self.op is None:
+            assert isinstance(self.arg, str)
+            return '(_cffi_opcode_t)(%s)' % (self.arg,)
+        classname = CLASS_NAME[self.op]
+        return '_CFFI_OP(_CFFI_OP_%s, %s)' % (classname, self.arg)
+
+    def as_python_bytes(self):
+        if self.op is None and self.arg.isdigit():
+            value = int(self.arg)     # non-negative: '-' not in self.arg
+            if value >= 2**31:
+                raise OverflowError("cannot emit %r: limited to 2**31-1"
+                                    % (self.arg,))
+            return format_four_bytes(value)
+        if isinstance(self.arg, str):
+            raise VerificationError("cannot emit to Python: %r" % (self.arg,))
+        return format_four_bytes((self.arg << 8) | self.op)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        classname = CLASS_NAME.get(self.op, self.op)
+        return '(%s %s)' % (classname, self.arg)
+
+def format_four_bytes(num):
+    return '\\x%02X\\x%02X\\x%02X\\x%02X' % (
+        (num >> 24) & 0xFF,
+        (num >> 16) & 0xFF,
+        (num >>  8) & 0xFF,
+        (num      ) & 0xFF)
+
+OP_PRIMITIVE       = 1
+OP_POINTER         = 3
+OP_ARRAY           = 5
+OP_OPEN_ARRAY      = 7
+OP_STRUCT_UNION    = 9
+OP_ENUM            = 11
+OP_FUNCTION        = 13
+OP_FUNCTION_END    = 15
+OP_NOOP            = 17
+OP_BITFIELD        = 19
+OP_TYPENAME        = 21
+OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_V  = 23   # varargs
+OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_N  = 25   # noargs
+OP_CPYTHON_BLTN_O  = 27   # O  (i.e. a single arg)
+OP_CONSTANT        = 29
+OP_CONSTANT_INT    = 31
+OP_GLOBAL_VAR      = 33
+OP_DLOPEN_FUNC     = 35
+OP_DLOPEN_CONST    = 37
+OP_GLOBAL_VAR_F    = 39
+OP_EXTERN_PYTHON   = 41
+
+PRIM_VOID          = 0
+PRIM_BOOL          = 1
+PRIM_CHAR          = 2
+PRIM_SCHAR         = 3
+PRIM_UCHAR         = 4
+PRIM_SHORT         = 5
+PRIM_USHORT        = 6
+PRIM_INT           = 7
+PRIM_UINT          = 8
+PRIM_LONG          = 9
+PRIM_ULONG         = 10
+PRIM_LONGLONG      = 11
+PRIM_ULONGLONG     = 12
+PRIM_FLOAT         = 13
+PRIM_DOUBLE        = 14
+PRIM_LONGDOUBLE    = 15
+
+PRIM_WCHAR         = 16
+PRIM_INT8          = 17
+PRIM_UINT8         = 18
+PRIM_INT16         = 19
+PRIM_UINT16        = 20
+PRIM_INT32         = 21
+PRIM_UINT32        = 22
+PRIM_INT64         = 23
+PRIM_UINT64        = 24
+PRIM_INTPTR        = 25
+PRIM_UINTPTR       = 26
+PRIM_PTRDIFF       = 27
+PRIM_SIZE          = 28
+PRIM_SSIZE         = 29
+PRIM_INT_LEAST8    = 30
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST8   = 31
+PRIM_INT_LEAST16   = 32
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST16  = 33
+PRIM_INT_LEAST32   = 34
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST32  = 35
+PRIM_INT_LEAST64   = 36
+PRIM_UINT_LEAST64  = 37
+PRIM_INT_FAST8     = 38
+PRIM_UINT_FAST8    = 39
+PRIM_INT_FAST16    = 40
+PRIM_UINT_FAST16   = 41
+PRIM_INT_FAST32    = 42
+PRIM_UINT_FAST32   = 43
+PRIM_INT_FAST64    = 44
+PRIM_UINT_FAST64   = 45
+PRIM_INTMAX        = 46
+PRIM_UINTMAX       = 47
+PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX  = 48
+PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX = 49
+PRIM_CHAR16        = 50
+PRIM_CHAR32        = 51
+
+_NUM_PRIM          = 52
+_UNKNOWN_PRIM          = -1
+_UNKNOWN_FLOAT_PRIM    = -2
+_UNKNOWN_LONG_DOUBLE   = -3
+
+_IO_FILE_STRUCT        = -1
+
+PRIMITIVE_TO_INDEX = {
+    'char':               PRIM_CHAR,
+    'short':              PRIM_SHORT,
+    'int':                PRIM_INT,
+    'long':               PRIM_LONG,
+    'long long':          PRIM_LONGLONG,
+    'signed char':        PRIM_SCHAR,
+    'unsigned char':      PRIM_UCHAR,
+    'unsigned short':     PRIM_USHORT,
+    'unsigned int':       PRIM_UINT,
+    'unsigned long':      PRIM_ULONG,
+    'unsigned long long': PRIM_ULONGLONG,
+    'float':              PRIM_FLOAT,
+    'double':             PRIM_DOUBLE,
+    'long double':        PRIM_LONGDOUBLE,
+    '_cffi_float_complex_t': PRIM_FLOATCOMPLEX,
+    '_cffi_double_complex_t': PRIM_DOUBLECOMPLEX,
+    '_Bool':              PRIM_BOOL,
+    'wchar_t':            PRIM_WCHAR,
+    'char16_t':           PRIM_CHAR16,
+    'char32_t':           PRIM_CHAR32,
+    'int8_t':             PRIM_INT8,
+    'uint8_t':            PRIM_UINT8,
+    'int16_t':            PRIM_INT16,
+    'uint16_t':           PRIM_UINT16,
+    'int32_t':            PRIM_INT32,
+    'uint32_t':           PRIM_UINT32,
+    'int64_t':            PRIM_INT64,
+    'uint64_t':           PRIM_UINT64,
+    'intptr_t':           PRIM_INTPTR,
+    'uintptr_t':          PRIM_UINTPTR,
+    'ptrdiff_t':          PRIM_PTRDIFF,
+    'size_t':             PRIM_SIZE,
+    'ssize_t':            PRIM_SSIZE,
+    'int_least8_t':       PRIM_INT_LEAST8,
+    'uint_least8_t':      PRIM_UINT_LEAST8,
+    'int_least16_t':      PRIM_INT_LEAST16,
+    'uint_least16_t':     PRIM_UINT_LEAST16,
+    'int_least32_t':      PRIM_INT_LEAST32,
+    'uint_least32_t':     PRIM_UINT_LEAST32,
+    'int_least64_t':      PRIM_INT_LEAST64,
+    'uint_least64_t':     PRIM_UINT_LEAST64,
+    'int_fast8_t':        PRIM_INT_FAST8,
+    'uint_fast8_t':       PRIM_UINT_FAST8,
+    'int_fast16_t':       PRIM_INT_FAST16,
+    'uint_fast16_t':      PRIM_UINT_FAST16,
+    'int_fast32_t':       PRIM_INT_FAST32,
+    'uint_fast32_t':      PRIM_UINT_FAST32,
+    'int_fast64_t':       PRIM_INT_FAST64,
+    'uint_fast64_t':      PRIM_UINT_FAST64,
+    'intmax_t':           PRIM_INTMAX,
+    'uintmax_t':          PRIM_UINTMAX,
+    }
+
+F_UNION         = 0x01
+F_CHECK_FIELDS  = 0x02
+F_PACKED        = 0x04
+F_EXTERNAL      = 0x08
+F_OPAQUE        = 0x10
+
+G_FLAGS = dict([('_CFFI_' + _key, globals()[_key])
+                for _key in ['F_UNION', 'F_CHECK_FIELDS', 'F_PACKED',
+                             'F_EXTERNAL', 'F_OPAQUE']])
+
+CLASS_NAME = {}
+for _name, _value in list(globals().items()):
+    if _name.startswith('OP_') and isinstance(_value, int):
+        CLASS_NAME[_value] = _name[3:]